Orthographic neighbourhood effects during lateralised lexical decision are abolished with bilateral presentation

Words presented to the right visual field (RVF) are processed more rapidly than those in the left visual field (LVF), presumably because of more direct links to the language dominant left cerebral hemisphere. This effect is moderated by a word’s orthographic neighbourhood size (N), with LVF facilitation and RVF inhibition for words with large N. Across two experiments, we sought to further examine lateralised N effects. Experiment 1 examined how hemispheric dominance for language influenced lateralised N effects, in 140 left-handers using a visual half-field task with bilateral presentation. Neither typically nor atypically lateralized participants showed the expected N effect, making the results ambiguous: it could be that left-handers fail to show N effects, or the effect could be abolished by some procedural aspect. Experiment 2 looked to test these options by testing 56 right-handers who responded to the same stimulus set under the original bilateral presentation condition and under unilateral presentation. N effects were found under unilateral but not bilateral presentation. We had adopted bilateral presentation because it had been recommended as better than unilateral presentation for controlling fixation and visual stimulation; our results indicate that this is not a minor methodological modification: it can dramatically affect lateralized effects.

EVALUATION OF THE PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF DRY EYE IN YOUNG POPULATION

Purpose:To analyse prevalence and risk factor of dry eye among young population. Methods: It was a prospective, interventional study conducted at Anugrah Narayan Medical College, Gaya, Bihar, during year 2020 to 2021. The total 500 patients (1000 eyes) were screened. Out of which 30 patients (60 eyes) with bilateral presentation were included. Patients less than 18 years of age visiting the outpatient department of the Ophthalmology, ANMMCH. Results: The 60 eyes of 30 children were included in this study, out of which 10 (33.33%) were female and 20 (66.67%) were male. We have divided the children in four age group, in which 4 (13.33%) children were in 1-4 years' age group, 10 (16.66%) were in 5-8 years' age group ,15 (50.04%) children were in age group 9-12and 6 (20.00%) were in 13-16 years' age group. The prevalence of the dry eye was 6% (60 out of 1000 eyes) in our study. The prevalence of dry eyes was highest in age group of the 9-12 years (50.04%), while lowest in age group of 1-4. Conclusion: The evaporative dry eye due to MGD & CVS is common in pediatric age group, while the aqueous deciency dry eye is not so. The use of mobiles, tablets, computers leads to increase the rate of dry eye in children, which also affect the outdoor activity, study of child & child over all development.

Pneumothorax spontané bilatéral : présentation clinique rare des métastases pulmonaires d’un synovialosarcome.

Bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax is a very rare condition that occurs mainly in patients with underlying lung disease. We present the case of a spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax in a young patient treated for a synovialosarcoma of the right foot.