Theophylline Derivatives' In-vivo Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

The reaction of theophylline and chloro-acetyl chloride produced an exceptional series of substituted theophylline derivatives (3A-3D), followed by ammonium thiocyanate and substituted aromatic aldehyde, and these synthesized derivatives were screened to study their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. UV, IR, H-1 NMR, mass spectral data, and CHN activities were used to describe the compounds, which were shown to be considerably efficacious at 100 mg/kg p.o., as well as experimental results that were statistically significant at the p <0.01 and p <0.05 levels.

Synthesis, Biological Activity of Trimethoprim derivative and the Complexes

This study demonstrates the synthesis of new ligands derived from trimethoprim with their Iron(III) and copper (ll) complexes. At the beginning, preparing new ligands, the first namly N, N’-(5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)bis(3,4,5-trihydroxy benza mide)and the Ligand second namly N, N’-(((5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diyl) bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonthioyl) bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide) which prepared by nucleophilic addition of trimethoprim to Gallic chloride and prepared also by nucleophilic addition of trimethoprim to the Solution of Ammonium thiocyanate and Gallic chloride. Ferric Ion (III) and Copperic Ion (ll) complexes have been prepared with molar ratio [1:2]. The synthesis ligands have been characterized by Uv-Visible, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and EI-mass, while the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, Uv-Visible, FT-IR, Conductivity measurements and thermogravemtric (TgA) analysis. The ligands acts as multiple sites coordinating with ferric ion and copper ion, Via lone pair of nitrogen atom of NHC= and phenolic oxygen. In Vitro, the ligands and complexes have been tested for their growth Inhibitory activity against Gram negative bacteria Salmonella Spp and Gram Positive Staphylococcus Spp. The results of the test indicate that the synthesized compounds possessed a high inhibition effectiveness comparative with trimethoprim.

Serological and cellular non-responders in a long-term cross-sectional cohort of SARS-CoV-2-specific PCR-positive individuals

During the first pandemic wave, the dark figure of SARS-CoV-2 exposure was estimated to be high, however, an accelerated loss of antibodies was reported after about 6 months post infection. This study was performed to unveil the group of serological non-responders (NR) in PCR+ individuals 6-9 months after the first pandemic SARS-CoV-2 wave in spring 2020 and to evaluate their specific cellular immune response towards spike-molecule compared to PCR- and not PCR-tested (NT) household contact persons. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were quantified using a commercial ELISA kit. The synergistic binding strength was assessed as relative avidity index (RAI) using ammonium-thiocyanate as chaotropic agent. The specific IFNγ-production in response to spike-protein was determined in spot-forming-units (SFU) by ELISPOT-assay. In PCR- 50.0%, in PCR+ 35.3% and in NT 20.7% had undetectable IgG-anti-SARS-CoV-2 and were considered non-responders (NR). All seropositive responders from the PCR-, 45.5% of PCR+ and 43.0% of NT developed high avidity (RAI>60%). In serological responders, cellular responses were detected in 75.0% PCR-, 75.8% PCR+ and 66.7% NT. In serological NR, positive SFU were found in 75.0% PCR-, 22.2% PCR+ and 17.4% NT. Significantly higher stimulation-indices were seen in PCR+ responders compared to PCR+ serological NR. Our findings showed that also PCR- and household contact persons who were not tested (NT) developed SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. The relatively large proportion of serological non-responders but also the proportion of cellular non-responders within the group of IgG-positive individuals after PCR+ infection underlines the need for COVID-19 vaccinations in the reconvalescent group.

Lignocellulosic Corn Stover Biomass Pre-Treatment by Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) for Biomethane Production Process by Bioresource Anaerobic Digestion

The valorization study of the largely available corn stover waste biomass after pretreatment with deep eutectic solvent (DES) for biomethane production in one-liter glass bioreactors by anaerobic digestion for 21 days was presented. Ammonium thiocyanate and urea deep eutectic solvent pretreatments under different conditions in terms of the components ratio and temperature were examined on corn stover waste biomass. The lignocellulose biomass was characterized in detail for its chemistry and morphology to determine the effect of the pretreatment on the natural biocomposite. Furthermore, the implications on biomethane production through anaerobic digestion with different loadings of corn stover biomass at 35 g/L and 50 g/L were tested. The results showed an increase of 48% for a cumulative biomethane production for a DES-pretreated biomass, using a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2 at 100 °C for 60 min, which is a strong indication that DES-pretreatment significantly enhanced biomethane production.