Asymptotic freedom and quarks confinement treated through Thompson’s approach

In this work, we first use Thompson’s renormalization group method to treat QCD–vacuum behavior close to the regime of asymptotic freedom. The QCD–vacuum behaves effectively like a “paramagnetic system” of a classical theory in the sense that virtual color charges (gluons) emerge in it as a spin effect of a paramagnetic material when a magnetic field aligns their microscopic magnetic dipoles. Making a classical analogy with the paramagnetism of Landau’s theory, we are able to introduce a kind of Landau effective action without temperature and phase transition for just representing QCD–vacuum behavior at higher energies as being magnetization of a paramagnetic material in the presence of a magnetic field H. This reasoning allows us to use Thompson’s heuristic approach to obtain an “effective susceptibility” (χ > 0) of the QCD–vacuum. It depends on the logarithm of the energy scale u to investigate hadronic matter. Consequently, we are able to get an “effective magnetic permeability” (μ > 1) of such a “paramagnetic vacuum”. As the QCD–vacuum must obey Lorentz invariance, the attainment of μ > 1 must simply require that the “effective electrical permittivity” is ϵ < 1 in such a way that μϵ = 1 (c2 = 1). This leads to the anti-screening effect, where the asymptotic freedom takes place. On the other hand, quarks confinement, a subject which is not treatable by perturbative calculations, is worked by the present approach. We apply the method to study this issue for obtaining the string constant, which is in agreement with the experiments.

Influence of Pulsed Magnetic Treatment on Wear of Carbide Micro-end-Mill

This study is carried out to investigate the influence of pulsed magnetic treatment on wear of carbide micro-end-mill. To analyze the friction behavior of micro-end-mill with workpiece, the special micro-end-mill with a chisel is fabricated and used in micro-milling experiments. A paramagnetic material aluminum alloy is employed as workpiece material. The experimental results indicated 17% and 27 % reductions in maximum minor flank wear width and chisel edge wear area of micro-end-mill after pulsed magnetic treatment, respectively. However, the surface roughness and morphology of machined aluminum alloy have no obvious changes with or without pulsed magnetic treatment. Consequently, the reduction of tool wear during milling aluminum alloy can be mainly attributed to the improvement of mechanical properties of carbide tool materials after pulsed magnetic treatment.

Dawn of High Energy Spin Physics — In Memory of Michel Borghini

High energy spin physics with the polarized proton target in 1960s is shown. The dynamic polarization in which the electronic polarization is transferred to protons in paramagnetic material by means of magnetic coupling was proposed at the beginning of 1960s. The first N-N experiment using a polarized proton target was performed with the crystal of La[Formula: see text]Mg[Formula: see text] (NO[Formula: see text]24H[Formula: see text]O at CEN-Saclay and Berkeley in 1962, followed by [Formula: see text]-p experiments in several laboratories. Protons in organic materials were found to be polarized up to 80% in [Formula: see text]He cryostats in 1969. It was helpful for large background experiments. High proton polarization was interpreted in the spin temperature theory. Spin frozen targets were constructed in early 1970s and used for experiments which require wide access angle. Michel Borghini was a main player for almost all the above works.