Maresins: Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators and Their Potential Role in Inflammatory-Related Diseases

Acute inflammatory responses are host-protective and normally self-limited; these responses can maintain cell homeostasis and promote defense against various infections and damage factors. However, when improperly managed or inappropriately activated, acute inflammation can lead to persistent and uncontrolled chronic inflammation, which is associated with many other chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease. Recently, studies have shown that resolution of acute inflammation is a biosynthetically active process. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) known as resolvins and protectins are autacoids that resolve inflammation. A new family of anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators have recently been reported, known as maresins, which are biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by macrophages, have a conjugated double-bond system, and display strong anti-inflammatory and proresolving activity. Here, we review the biological actions, pathways, and mechanisms of maresins, which may play pivotal roles in the resolution of inflammation.

Heterologous Expression of Production of T10, C12-CLA Linoleic Acid Isomerase Gene from Propionibacterium acnes

The linoleic acid isomerase enzyme from Propionibacterium acnes, which catalyzed the isomerization of a methylene-interrupted double bond system to a conjugated double bond system, creating trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10, c12 CLA) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli using expression system of pCold-SUMO. The gene was expressed under T7 promotor with a fusion partner of 6×His. Tag at its 5'terminal. After induction by 0.2mM IPTG for 18 h, the recombinant enzyme are expressing in the cytoplasm. The 1275 bp gene from P. acnes encode a linoleic acid isomerase protein with 424 amino acids (55KD).

Curcumin and curcuminoids in quest for medicinal status.

Curcumin, known for thousands of years as an Ayurvedic medicine, and popular as a spice in Asian cuisine, has undergone in recent times remarkable transformation into a drug candidate with prospective multipotent therapeutic applications. Characterized by high chemical reactivity, resulting from an extended conjugated double bond system prone to nucleophilic attack, curcumin has been shown to interact with a plethora of molecular targets, in numerous experimental observations based on spectral, physicochemical or biological principles. The collected preclinical pharmacological data support traditional claims concerning the medicinal potential of curcumin and its congeners but at the same time point to their suboptimal properties in the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) area.

Studies with Alkylheteroaromatic Carbonitriles: A Novel Synthesis of Pyrazolo[2′,3′: 3,4]benzo[c]-1,2,4-triazine

A novel synthesis of derivatives of the title ring system by reacting methylpyrazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazin-6-carbonitriles (9) with sulphur and subsequent treatment of the resulting thienopyrazolotriazines with acetivated double bond system is described.

Elektronenreiche Olefine, 1 / Electron Rich Olefins, 1

Crystal and molecular structure analysis of the electron rich title compound exhibits an undistorted, yet sterically shielded tetra(primary alkyl)-substituted double bond system with alternating anti-periplanar CH2SiMe3 substituents. The diastereotopic methylene protons have been located and their position correlated to the 1HNMR data and to the ESR hyperfine coupling constants of the corresponding radical cation. In contrast to the highly inert all-carbon derivative, tetraneopentylethene, the more electron-rich and more flexible organosilicon title compound reacts with bromine. Close to orthogonal arrangement between the C-C(H2)-Si planes and the ethene plane ensures effective, fourfold σ/π-hyperconjugation.

Zur Reaktivität von C=N-Doppelbindungssystemen, XV [1] Die Reaktion von Anilinomethylen-barbitursäuren mit methylenaktiven Nitrilen / The Reactivity of the C=N-Double Bond System, XV [1] The Reaction of Anilinomethylene-barbituric Acids with Methylenactive Nitriles

N,N′-Dimethyl-5-anilinomethylene-barbituric acids and its thio analogues react with alkyl cyanoacetates or malodinitrile in DMF in the presence of KOH to give 1,2,3,4- Tetrahydro-7 H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines, whereas N-unsubstituted anilinomethylenebarbituric acids under the same conditiones afford 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-5-propenoic acid derivatives.