scholarly journals Curcumin and curcuminoids in quest for medicinal status.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Grynkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Ślifirski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Nucleophilic Attack ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Double Bond System ◽  
Bond System ◽  
Time Point

Curcumin, known for thousands of years as an Ayurvedic medicine, and popular as a spice in Asian cuisine, has undergone in recent times remarkable transformation into a drug candidate with prospective multipotent therapeutic applications. Characterized by high chemical reactivity, resulting from an extended conjugated double bond system prone to nucleophilic attack, curcumin has been shown to interact with a plethora of molecular targets, in numerous experimental observations based on spectral, physicochemical or biological principles. The collected preclinical pharmacological data support traditional claims concerning the medicinal potential of curcumin and its congeners but at the same time point to their suboptimal properties in the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) area.

scholarly journals Therapeutic potential of curcumin in medicinal chemistry

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Košťálová ◽  
Lýdia Bezáková ◽  
Lucia Račkovác ◽  
Silvia Mošovská ◽  
Ernest Šturdík
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Nucleophilic Attack ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Systemic Bioavailability ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Abstract Extensive research over the past half century has shown that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenolic compound of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), can modulate multiple cell signaling pathways. Extensive clinical trials have addressed the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of this nutraceutical against numerous diseases in human. Curcumin, known for thousand years as a subject of Ayurvedic medicine, has undergone in recent times remarkable transformation into a drug candidate with prospective multipotent therapeutic application. Characterized by high chemical reactivity, resulting from an extended conjugated double bond system prone to nucleophilic attack, curcumin has been shown to interact with a plethora of molecular targets, in numerous experimental observations. In clinical trials, has been used either alone or in combination with other agent. However, its clinical advance has been limited by its short biological half-life, fast metabolism and poor systemic bioavailability after oral administration. To mitigate the above limitations, recently various formulation of curcumin, including nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, phytosomes delivery system has been examined. The present review has been devoted towards better understanding of the phytonutraceutic properties of curcumin and turmeric based on their disease specific indications and enhancing their prophylactic and therapeutic nutraceutical qualities. The article deals with the biological activity, mode of action, toxicity and forthcoming application of these leads.

Atom Condensed Fukui Function for Condensed Phases and Biological Systems and Its Application to Enzymatic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Oller ◽  
David A. Sáez ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Molecular System ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Nucleophilic Attack ◽  
Stable Conformation ◽  
Fukui Functions ◽  
Reactivity Descriptors ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Fixation Of Carbon Dioxide

<div><div><div><p>Local reactivity descriptors such as atom condensed Fukui functions are promising computational tools to study chemical reactivity at specific sites within a molecule. Their applications have been mainly focused on isolated molecules in their most stable conformation without considering the effects of the surroundings. Here, we propose to combine QM/MM Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations to obtain the microstates (configurations) of a molecular system using different representations of the molecular environment and calculate Boltzmann weighted atom condensed local reac- tivity descriptors based on conceptual DFT. Our approach takes the conformational fluctuations of the molecular system and the polarization of its electron density by the environment into account allowing us to analyze the effect of changes in the molecular environment on reactivity. In this contribution, we apply the method mentioned above to the catalytic fixation of carbon dioxide by crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase and study if the enzyme alters the reactivity of its substrate compared to an aqueous solution. Our main result is that the protein en- vironment activates the substrate by the elimination of solute-solvent hydrogen bonds from aqueous solution in the two elementary steps of the reaction mechanism: the nucleophilic attack of a hydride anion from NADPH on the α, β unsaturated thioester and the electrophilic attack of carbon dioxide on the formed enolate species.</p></div></div></div>

Natural and Synthetic Rubber. IV. 4-Methyl-4-Octene by Isoprene Ethylation

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-484
Author(s):  
Thomas Midgley ◽  
Albert L. Henne
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Double Bond System ◽  
Bond System ◽  
Usual Behavior ◽  
Natural And Synthetic ◽  
Long Chains

Abstract Isoprene has been ethylated; 4-methyl-4-octene was formed exclusively. The structure of this nonene is in agreement with the usual behavior of a conjugated double bond system. This type of addition is further evidence in favor of the hypothesis which regards the polymerization of isoprene to synthetic rubber as the formation of long chains of isoprene units linked together- by ordinary valences in the 1,4-position.

A group of fatty acids with ‘tetramethylene interruption’ in the double bond system

1963 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 522-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Gellerman ◽  
H. Schlenk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Double Bond System ◽  
Bond System

Zur Reaktivität von C=N-Doppelbindungssystemen, XII1 über Kupfer(II)- und Nickel(II)-Komplexe von Aminomethylen-1.3-dicarbonylverbindungen / The Reactivity of the C=N-Double Bond System, XII1 Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes of Aminomethylen-1,3-dicarbonyl Compounds

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto S. Wolfbeis ◽  
Erich Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Tautomeric Form ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Metal Acetate ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Double Bond System ◽  
Active Methylene Compounds ◽  
Bond System ◽  
Active Methylene

Reaction of active methylene compounds (2,4-pentanedione, dimedone, 4-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycarbostyriles) with triethyl orthoformate and primary amines (aniline, o-methylmercapto aniline, cyclohexylamine) yields substituted aminomethylen-1.3-dicarbonyles (1-5), which in their tautomeric form (B) give stable, deeply coloured Cu··- and Ni- --organic complexes (6-27). The same chelates may also be obtained by direct reaction of orthoformate, amine and active methylene in the presence of the metal acetate at 40-50 °C in 65-90% yield.Anilinomethylene-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolone in turn does not exhibit any tendency to chelate Cu·· or Ni··. The X-ray crystallography of its o-methylmercaptoderivative shows it to exist in the virtually planar enamin form.

Über Derivate des Hydrazins, VII Zur Reaktivität von Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoisocyanid / On Derivatives of Hydrazine, VII Reactivity of Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoisocyanide

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Wiberg ◽  
Gerhard Hübler
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Reaction Paths ◽  
Stable Compound ◽  
Oxidizing Agents ◽  
Formal Oxidation State ◽  
Double Bond System ◽  
Bond System ◽  
Derivatives Of

The chemistry of bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoisocyanide (1) is determined by three reactive centres of the system : the hydrolyzable Si–N-bond, the oxidizable carbon in the formal oxidation state two, the additionable double bond system. Reactions of the oxygen stable compound 1 with halogens X2 or sulfenyl halides RSX as oxidizing agents gives compounds of type (Me3Si)2NNCX2 or (Me3Si)2NNCX(SR). Heterocumulenes such as CO2, CS2, RNCS (R = (Me3Si)2N), SO2 add to 1, leading to heterocycles, which decompose at higher temperatures by ring cleavage. With other heterocumulenes such as PhNCO, Me3SiNSO, Me3SiNSNSiMe3 products are found, the formation of which could be explained by reaction paths including the building and cleavage of heterocycles.

Study on Chemical Reactivity Control of Liquid Sodium: Development of Nano-Fluid and Its Property and Applicability to FBR Plant

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichi Saito ◽  
Kuniaki Ara ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Sugiyama ◽  
Hiroshi Kitagawa ◽  
Haruyuki Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Atomic Interaction ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactor ◽  
Weak Point ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Nano Fluid ◽  
High Chemical Reactivity

Liquid sodium is used as the coolant of the fast breeder reactor (FBR). A weak point of sodium is a high chemical reactivity with water or oxygen. So an idea of chemical reactivity suppression of liquid sodium itself is proposed. The idea is that nano-meter size particles (hereafter called nano-particles) are dispersed in liquid sodium, and an atomic interaction which is generated between nano-particle and sodium atoms is applied to suppress the chemical reactivity. We call sodium that has dispersed the nano-particle a Nano-fluid. Three key technologies which are the trial manufacture of Nano-fluid, the reaction property of the Nano-fluid and applicability of Nano-fluid to FBR Plant have been carried out to develop the Nano-fluid.

ChemInform Abstract: BARRIERS TO HINDERED ROTATION AROUND THE DOUBLE BOND SYSTEM OF CUMULENES

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (48) ◽  
pp. no-no ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BERTSCH ◽  
G. KARICH ◽  
J. C. JOCHIMS
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Hindered Rotation ◽  
Double Bond System ◽  
Bond System

Direct Experimental Evidence for the High Chemical Reactivity of α‐ and β‐Xylopyranosides Adopting a 2,5 B Conformation in Glycosyl Transfer

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (26) ◽  
pp. 7345-7356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Amorim ◽  
Filipa Marcelo ◽  
Cyril Rousseau ◽  
Lidia Nieto ◽  
Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Direct Experimental Evidence ◽  
High Chemical Reactivity
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document