Utjecaj stručne osposobljenosti nastavnika na konceptualno razumijevanje cvijeta u učenika utvrđenog korištenjem crteža

In this research aim was to establish a conceptual understanding of a flower among fifth and seventh graders, depending on the teachers' competence. The study was conducted on the sample of 66 fifth graders and 79 seventh graders from two primary schools. One part of the classes was held by trained teachers and one part, due to a teaching staff shortage, was held by a food technologist with no additional pedagogical, psychological or methodological training. The instrument we used for checking the conceptual understanding of a flower was specially designed for this research. Both groups demonstrated better declarative knowledge than the ability to draw or label the flower, which speaks in favour of the thesis of insufficient conceptual understanding. We noticed a statistically significant difference in students' achievement depending on the teacher's training. The results indicate possible impact of the teacher's competence on the learners' results. However, to be able to make a thorough concludion, we should carry out a research based on a larger sample.

The Regulation of Food Science and Technology Professions in Europe

The regulation of a profession is justified when it improves consumer protection and public health. Higher education food science and technology (FST) degrees, widely offered in many universities in Europe open to a wide range of jobs in the food sectors where the employees could cover different positions, roles and carry out diverse activities dealing with the food production and the quality and safety of the food products.This work reviews the state of the art of the FST regulated professions requiring higher education qualifications in the European countries. The research was carried out by collecting specific information on regulated professions by contacting unions, professional associations, public servant categories/professions, and by visiting national and EU websites. The data collected for each regulated profession were: country, training/education required, date of implementation of regulation, professional training (if required), capability test (if required) and acts required by law to be signed by a regulated professional. Only professions that required a higher education diploma were included in this search.Few countries were found to have a regulated profession in FST, in particular: Food Engineering (Turkey), Food Technologist (Greece, Iceland, Italy and Slovenia), and Oenologist (Italy, Portugal and Spain). FST regulated professions in Europe are thus scarce and have a rather limited history. The Food Technologist in Italy and the Food Engineer in Turkey were found to be the only completely regulated professions found in Europe. Food and professional regulation have been evolved over the years and raised the debate on the regulation of FST professions. Academia as well as other policymakers has to further contribute to this discussion to keep high the standards for quality of education and training of the qualified workforce and professionals in the food sector.

The Regulation of Food Science and Technology Professions in Europe

The regulation of a profession is justified when it improves consumer protection and public health. Higher education food science and technology (FST) degrees, widely offered in many universities in Europe open to a wide range of jobs in the food sectors where the employees could cover different positions, roles and carry out diverse activities dealing with the food production and the quality and safety of the food products. This work reviews the state of the art of the FST regulated professions requiring higher education qualifications in the European countries. The research was carried out by collecting specific information on regulated professions by contacting unions, professional associations, public servant categories/professions, and by visiting national and EU websites. The data collected for each regulated profession were: country, training/education required, date of implementation of regulation, professional training (if required), capability test (if required) and acts required by law to be signed by a regulated professional. Only professions that required a higher education diploma were included in this search. Few countries were found to have a regulated profession in FST, in particular: Food Engineering (Turkey), Food Technologist (Greece, Iceland, Italy and Slovenia), and Oenologist (Italy, Portugal and Spain). FST regulated professions in Europe are thus scarce and have a rather limited history. The Food Technologist in Italy and the Food Engineer in Turkey were found to be the only completely regulated professions found in Europe. Food and professional regulation have been evolved over the years and raised the debate on the regulation of FST professions. Academia as well as other policymakers has to further contribute to this discussion to keep high the standards for quality of education and training of the qualified workforce and professionals in the food sector.

Aseptic Processing and Storage of Citrus Juices

The citrus industry in general has adapted to tremendous changes in the past 50 years. Consumers’ demand for ready to serve products have challenged processors to adopt new manufacturing techniques and processing skills. The Institute of Food Technologist reported the Top 10 innovations in 1991 as: 10. Ultra high temperature (UHT) short term sterilization of milk and other products 9. Food fortification 8. Understanding of water activity in foods 7. Frozen meals 6. Freeze drying 5. Atmosphere controlled packages for fresh fruits and vegetables 4. Frozen concentrated citrus juices 3. The microwave oven 2. Minimum safe canning processes for vegetables 1. Aseptic processing and packaging Paper published with permission.