Pathogenetic therapy of vascular-platelet hemostasis disorders in canine acute spontaneous babesiosis

The article presents the results of a study of the vascular-platelet hemostasis disorders processes in complications of canine acute spontaneous babesiosis, as well as a clinical trial of plasma substitute infusion for the purpose of identified disorders pathogenetic therapy. It was found that acute spontaneous Babesiosis is accompanied by complications in the form of subcompensated shock and a thrombogenic link of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC). This determines the potential risk of complications with a cautious prognosis. The basis for the diagnosis of complications is the establishment of the following changes: a significant deficit in the volume of circulating blood (a decrease in the hematocrit value, the volume of circulating plasma, the volume of circulating red blood cells, the specific volume of circulating blood), as well as significant changes in the functioning of the vascular-platelet link of hemostasis – thrombocytopenia against the background of an increase in the spontaneous aggregation ability of platelets and red blood cells, an increase in the wetting index of the vascular wall, which determines the thrombogenic state, and pronounced thrombocytopenia indicates the consumption of these shaped elements in blood clots. The described changes indicate the development of subcompensated shock and the thrombogenic component of DIC syndrome. Given the prognostic danger of established complications, there is a need for pathogenetic therapy of severe conditions. Infusions of plasma substitute solutions have been proposed to eliminate shock phenomena and the thrombogenic state of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. A clinical trial of intravenous administration of Rheosorbylact solution and a mixture of Rheosorbylact with Dipyridamole was conducted in a comparative aspect. It is shown that a mixture of Rheosorbylact 100 ml and Dipyridamole solution 0.5 % 4 ml in the form of infusions at a dose of 5 ml/kg of animal body weight per day for 3 days can bring hemodynamic parameters and parameters of vascular-platelet hemostasis to physiological ones within 48 hours compared to an infusion of Rheosorbylact solution in its pure form. The synergy of the crystalloid solution of Rheosorbylact and the disaggregating vasodilator Dipyridamole enhances the disaggregating effect of both drugs, and the crystalloid solution itself is able to restore the lost volume of circulating blood.

Plasma replacement solutions in the intensive care unit of shock for acute spontaneous canine babesiosis

The article presents the results of studies on the study of secondary processes that develop during acute spontaneous babesiosis in dogs, as well as on the use of infusion therapy with plasma substitutes for the development of shock as a complication of the underlying disease. It is shown that acute blood parasitic disease is accompanied by the development of moderate subcompensated shock, which determines the state of unstable equilibrium and the tendency to avalanche-like disorders due to the transition of the process to the decompensated phase. The basis for the diagnosis of the shock state was the establishment of the following hemodynamic and hemorheological changes: hypovolemia with a decrease of all blood components (shaped elements and plasma components) in the circulation, a significant decrease in the specific volume of circulating blood, hematocrit value, a significant increase in spontaneous aggregation of shaped blood elements (platelets and red blood cells), hypotension, an increase in the Alghöver shock index by almost 2 times. There was a significant deficit in the volume of circulating blood (the degree of blood loss), which was about 30 %. It is shown that the presence of a state of shock in the subcompensation stage poses a threat to the life of the animal in the event of transition to the terminal stage. In order to stop the development of shock, infusion therapy was used with the most common plasma–substituting solutions – Rheopolyglucin and Rheosorbylact at a dose of 5 ml/kg of body weight intravenously drip per day for 3 days. A comparative assessment of the effect of drugs on the correction of major hemodynamic and hemorheological shifts was carried out. It was found that Rheopolyglucin as a colloidal plasma substitute has a better effect on the normalization of hemodynamic disorders – hypovolemia and hypotension, and Rheosorbylact as a crystalloid plasma substitute turned out to be the best disaggregant and reducing agent of hemorheological disorders. Both drugs provided a complete recovery of hemodynamic and hemorheological parameters in 72 hours. As a result, it is recommended to use a combination of drugs with the priority of Rheopolyglucin in the first hours of treatment and combine it with an infusion of Rheosorbylact in subsequent days.

Evaluation of Inflammation Caused by Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Small Animal Model

Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) methods are being increasingly used for mechanical support of respiratory and cardio-circulatory failure. Especially, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiovascular surgery, sustenance of the patient’s life by providing an appropriate blood flow and oxygen supply to principal organs. On the other hand, systemic inflammatory responses in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery supported by CPB contribute significantly to CPB-associated mortality and morbidity. Our previous research showed that CPB causes a systemic inflammatory response and organ damage in a small animal CPB model. We have been studying the effects of hyperoxia and blood plasma substitute on CPB. In this review, we present a study focusing on the systemic inflammatory response during CPB, along with our findings.

Evaluation of Different Stabilizers and Inactivating Compounds for the Enhancement of Vero Cell Rabies Vaccine Stability and Immunogenicity:In VitroStudy

Inactivation of rabies virus is essential for rabies vaccine preparation where the inactivating compound that is currently recommended for rabies vaccine preparation isβ-propiolactone (β-PL). This compound is considered better than phenol and formalin but it is expensive and potentially carcinogenic. Data revealed that Ascorbic acid (AA) with cupric ions could yield complete and irreversible inactivation of rabies virus without adversely affecting its antigenicity. Additionally, the results of testing the vaccine potency with the selected inactivating compounds were comparable (P<0.05), and ED50was higher than the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) limits. The use of HemaGel (plasma substitute) for testing vaccine stabilization was compared with the currently used vaccine stabilizers (human albumin and lactose). HemaGel yielded better stability than the other tested stabilizers. Monitoring of cellular and humoral immune responses indicated that both the total IgG level against rabies vaccine and the IFN and IL5 levels obtained with the HemaGel-stabilized vaccines were higher than those obtained with human albumin- and lactose-stabilized vaccine candidates.