scholarly journals Evaluation of Inflammation Caused by Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Small Animal Model

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Small Animal Model ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Plasma Substitute

Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) methods are being increasingly used for mechanical support of respiratory and cardio-circulatory failure. Especially, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiovascular surgery, sustenance of the patient’s life by providing an appropriate blood flow and oxygen supply to principal organs. On the other hand, systemic inflammatory responses in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery supported by CPB contribute significantly to CPB-associated mortality and morbidity. Our previous research showed that CPB causes a systemic inflammatory response and organ damage in a small animal CPB model. We have been studying the effects of hyperoxia and blood plasma substitute on CPB. In this review, we present a study focusing on the systemic inflammatory response during CPB, along with our findings.

scholarly journals Peptide VSAK maintains tissue glucose uptake and attenuates pro-inflammatory responses caused by LPS in an experimental model of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a PET study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Luna-Reyes ◽  
Eréndira G. Pérez-Hernández ◽  
Blanca Delgado-Coello ◽  
Miguel Ángel Ávila-Rodríguez ◽  
Jaime Mas-Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Lps Treatment

AbstractThe present investigation using Positron Emission Tomography shows how peptide VSAK can reduce the detrimental effects produced by lipopolysaccharides in Dutch dwarf rabbits, used to develop the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Animals concomitantly treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptide VSAK show important protection in the loss of radiolabeled-glucose uptake observed in diverse organs when animals are exclusively treated with LPS. Treatment with peptide VSAK prevented the onset of changes in serum levels of glucose and insulin associated with the establishment of SIRS and the insulin resistance-like syndrome. Treatment with peptide VSAK also allowed an important attenuation in the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory molecules in LPS-treated animals. As a whole, our data suggest that peptide VSAK might be considered as a candidate in the development of new therapeutic possibilities focused on mitigating the harmful effects produced by lipopolysaccharides during the course of SIRS.

Heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass circuits: current status

Perfusion ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Chien Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Graft Patency ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Contact Activation ◽  
Protein Resistant ◽  
Revascularization Procedures

Heparin-coated circuits have been subjected to vigorous testing, both experimentally and clinically, for the past decade. When the functions of heparin are preserved on the surface, the heparinized surface plays multiple roles in attenuating the systemic inflammatory response. These include the ability to attenuate contact activation, coagulation activation, complement activation and, directly or indirectly, platelet and leukocyte activation. The heparinized surface also renders the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuits hydrophilic and protein resistant and augments lipoprotein binding. The multifunctional nature of the heparinized surface contributes to the overall biocompatibility of the surface. Clinically, heparin-coated circuits become most effective in reducing systemic inflammatory response and in improving morbidity, mortality, and other patient outcome related parameters when material-independent blood activation is controlled or minimized through a global biocompatibility strategy. Techniques involved in the global biocompatibility strategy are readily available and are being effectively and safely practiced at several centers. With the global biocompatibility strategy, outstanding and reproducible results have been routinely achieved with conventional CPB techniques. Alternative revascularization procedures should equal or surpass conventional CPB, using best clinically proven strategies with respect to patient outcome and long-term graft patency.

scholarly journals Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple-organ damage / dysfunction in complicated canine babesiosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Welzl ◽  
A.L. Leisewitz ◽  
L.S. Jacobson ◽  
T. Vaughan-Scott ◽  
E. Myburgh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Increased Risk

This study was designed to document the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in dogs with complicated babesiosis, and to assess their impact on outcome. Ninety-one cases were evaluated retro-spectively for SIRS and 56 for MODS. The liver, kidneys, lungs, central nervous system and musculature were assessed. Eighty-seven percent of cases were SIRS-positive. Fifty-two percent of the cases assessed for organ damage had single-organ damage and 48 % had MODS. Outcome was not significantly affected by either SIRS or MODS, but involvement of specific organs had a profound effect. Central nervous system involvement resulted in a 57 times greater chance of death and renal involvement in a 5-fold increased risk compared to all other complications. Lung involvement could not be statistically evaluated owing to co-linearity with other organs, but was associated with high mortality. Liver and muscle damage were common, but did not significantly affect outcome. There are manysimilarities between the observations in this study and previous human and animal studies in related fields, lending additional support to the body of evidence for shared underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in systemic inflammatory states.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE DURING LONG-STANDING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS IN PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Vladimir Chagirev ◽  
Mikhail Rubtsov ◽  
Giorgiy Edzhibiya ◽  
Valeriya Komkova ◽  
Georgiy Plotnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response

scholarly journals Treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome following on-pump pediatric congenital heart surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
D. V. Borisenko ◽  
A. A. Ivkin ◽  
D. L. Shukevich
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Congenital Heart Surgery ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Preventive Strategies

Highlights. The article discusses the pathophysiological aspects of cardiopulmonary bypass and the mechanisms underlying the development of the systemic inflammatory response in children following congenital heart surgery. We summarize and report the most relevant preventive strategies aimed at reducing the systemic inflammatory response, including both, CPB-related methods and pharmacological ones.The growing number of children with congenital heart defects requires the development of more advanced technologies for their surgical treatment. However, cardiopulmonary bypass is required in almost all surgical techniques. Despite the tremendous progress and recent advances in cardiopulmonary bypass techniques, the systemic inflammatory response syndrome associated with these surgeries remains unresolved. The review summarizes the causes and mechanisms underlying its development. The most commonly used preventive strategies are reported, including standard and modified ultrafiltration, leukocyte filters, and pharmacological agents (systemic glucocorticoids, aprotinin, and antioxidants).The role of cardioplegia and hypothermia in the reduction of systemic inflammation is defined. Cardiac surgery centers around the world use a variety of techniques and pharmacological approaches, drawing on the results of randomized clinical studies. However, there are no clear and definite clinical guidelines aimed at reducing the systemic inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass in children. It remains a significant problem for pediatric intensive care by aggravating their postoperative status, prolonging the length of the in-hospital stay, and reducing the survival rates.

Modulation of Systemic Inflammatory Response after Cardiac Surgery

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad G Raja ◽  
Gilles D Dreyfus
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hemodynamic Stability ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Considerable Research

Cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass initiate a systemic inflammatory response largely determined by blood contact with foreign surfaces and the activation of complement. It is generally accepted that cardiopulmonary bypass initiates a whole-body inflammatory reaction. The magnitude of this inflammatory reaction varies, but the persistence of any degree of inflammation may be considered potentially harmful to the cardiac patient. The development of strategies to control the inflammatory response following cardiac surgery is currently the focus of considerable research efforts. Diverse techniques including maintenance of hemodynamic stability, minimization of exposure to cardiopulmonary bypass circuitry, and pharmacologic and immunomodulatory agents have been examined in clinical studies. This article briefly reviews the current concepts of the systemic inflammatory response following cardiac surgery, and the various therapeutic strategies being used to modulate this response.

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