The outline of naming process, anatomy and histopathology of infraorbital dark circles

Infraorbital dark circle,previously known as allergic shiners.The pathogenesis,the swollen turbinate compressing the sphenopalatine vein plexus,causing venous congestion of eyelid vein and the canthus in eyes,is unattested.This article studies the anatomical structure under the orbital part.It is believed that the mechanism is more closely related to the backflow obstruction of infraorbital vein.Besides,it may also be the causes of infraorbital dark circle of local congestion of infraorbital space and inferior orbital lymph nodes backflow blocked.Finally, the histopathological findings of some aesthetic medicine are reviewed.

Non-destructive Detection and Visualization of Extended Defects in 4H-SiC Epilayers

The extended defects, such as dislocations and in-grown stacking faults (IGSFs), in 4H-SiC epilayers have been detected and visualized by a non-destructive method, the micro photoluminescence (μ-PL) intensity mapping method, at room temperature. The one-to-one correspondence between the extended defects and the μ-PL mapping contrast has been successfully obtained. A threading dislocation corresponds to a dark circle with the reduced intensity in the μ-PL mapping image performed at 390 nm, while a basal plane dislocation dissociates into a single Shockley SF during the measurements. Three kinds of IGSFs have been identified in the samples. Each kind of IGSF shows the distinct PL emission located at 460 nm, 480 nm, and 500 nm, respectively. The shapes and distributions of IGSFs have also been profiled by μ-PL intensity mapping.

Measurement of deoxyribonuclease I activity in human tissues and body fluids by a single radial enzyme-diffusion method

In the single radial enzyme-diffusion (SRED) method for assay of deoxyribonuclease I, a precisely measured volume of the enzyme solution is dispensed into a circular well in an agarose gel layer in which DNA and ethidium bromide are uniformly distributed. A circular dark zone is formed as the enzyme diffuses from the well radially into the gel and digests substrate DNA. The diameter of the dark circle of hydrolyzed DNA increases in size with time and correlates linearly with the amount of enzyme applied to the well. Thus, the SRED can be used for quantitation of deoxyribonuclease I with a limit of detection of 2 x 10(-6) unit. This corresponds to 1 pg of purified urine deoxyribonuclease I. We measured the deoxyribonuclease I activity of 17 different human tissues and body fluids from healthy donors. Urine samples showed the greatest activity, 6.0 +/- 2.2 kilo-units/g protein (mean +/- SD). Serum deoxyribonuclease I activity was 4.4 +/- 1.8 units/L.

Fixed Set in the Perception of Size in Relation to Lightness

When control subjects compared the sizes of two circles of different lightness, the lightness-size illusion was observed, i.e., the darker circle was perceived to be smaller. However, after experimental subjects were shown a large, light circle and a smaller, darker circle repeatedly, the subjective size of the dark circle increased. It decreased after repeated exposures to a small, light circle and a large, dark one. These changes in perception were assumed to be contrast effects produced by an experimentally fixed set and were similar to changes observed when the same method was previously applied by this author to the size-weight illusion. Despite differences in modality and dimension of perception, every application of the fixed-set method resulted in analogous patterns. When the situation of the set-fixing experiment and that of the critical experiment were similar to each other, the fixed set was activated more and greater contrast effects were produced.