Temporal EEG Imaging for Drowsy Driving Prediction

As a major cause of vehicle accidents, the prevention of drowsy driving has received increasing public attention. Precisely identifying the drowsy state of drivers is difficult since it is an ambiguous event that does not occur at a single point in time. In this paper, we use an electroencephalography (EEG) image-based method to estimate the drowsiness state of drivers. The driver’s EEG measurement is transformed into an RGB image that contains the spatial knowledge of the EEG. Moreover, for considering the temporal behavior of the data, we generate these images using the EEG data over a sequence of time points. The generated EEG images are passed into a convolutional neural network (CNN) to perform the prediction task. In the experiment, the proposed method is compared with an EEG image generated from a single data time point, and the results indicate that the approach of combining EEG images in multiple time points is able to improve the performance for drowsiness prediction.

Lipid Peroxidation: Analysis and Applications in Biological Systems

Lipid peroxidation is an ambiguous event in all biological species [...]

Planet Frequency beyond the Snow Line from MOA-II Microlensing Survey

We present the first statistical analysis of the exoplanet frequency using planets found by a microlensing survey rather than follow-up observations. We present an analysis of 2007-2012 MOA (Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics) survey data to derive the planet frequency as a function of the planet/star mass ratio, q and separation, s, relative to the Einstein radius. Our sample includes 1472 microlensing events, including 22 planetary events and 1 ambiguous event with possible planetary and stellar binary solutions. The detection efficiency is calculated for each event and we employ a Bayesian analysis to deal with the ambiguous event. A broken power law model is used to fit the mass ratio function and we find a break and likely peak at q ~1.0−4.

POSSIBILITY AND CONSTRAINT: AFRICAN INDEPENDENCE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

ABSTRACTOn the fiftieth anniversary of an ambiguous event – the referendum giving French Africans the choice of immediate independence or a new status within a ‘French Community’ – this article points to the alternative forms of political action which opened up at certain moments in African history and how, at other moments, some of those alternatives closed down. It assesses concepts, issues and arguments used in writing the history of Africa, now that the recent African past – spanning the last years of colonial rule and the years of independence – is becoming a focus of historical inquiry.

8:01 AM, 20,000 people, and 450 kilograms of explosives

The demolition of undesired buildings is often an ambiguous event: it can be seen as a brutal attack by some people, whereas others consider it necessary to construct something new. What needs to be accomplished is not a simple physical act, but principally the acceptance of disposal as something needed and wanted, rather than unnecessary wastage. Here resides the controversial and ambivalent character of many acts of disposal. Detonation, therefore, is a passage that acquires its relevance thanks to a careful orchestration of the event in which an unwanted piece of architecture is thrown into the public spotlight, proffering a glimpse of a multiplicity of possibilities, while simultaneously providing a remarkably powerful dual experience of the durability and ephemerality of man-made structures. The biography of the Kaiserbau in Troisdorf illustrates these issues: once a would-be mega-hotel between Köln and Bonn, the concrete structure was dynamited on 13 May 2001—a spectacle attended by no less than 20,000 people, despite the ungodly hour at which it took place.