DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF LYOPHILIZED POWDER TO PREPARE SOLUTION FOR INJECTIONS BASED ON DOXYCYCLINE

The range of doxycycline drugs on the pharmaceutical market of the Ukraine is very limited and is represented by solid forms (capsules and tablets) while a rapid effect and maximum bioavailability of the drug can be provided by parenteral administration. The object of the study is the drug doxycycline hyclate in the form of lyophilisate to prepare solution for injections. During the development of the drug it was taken into account that aqueous doxycycline solution is pH dependent and tends to shift the solution pH during long-term storage. Therefore, excipients such as stabilizer and antioxidant providing buffering properties and stability of the solution were introduced into the composition. According to the research results an optimal composition of lyophilized powder was selected, the production technology with the stage of solution treatment with activated carbon was developed which allowed to obtain lyophilized powder with a well-formed porous mass without splits, cracks and fissures, resistant to shaking, and the prepared solution for parenteral administration is stable by the «Degree of coloration» quality indicator during accelerated storage regimen. It was found that doxycycline hyclate in the form of a lyophilisate shows a wide range of antibacterial activity. Comparative studies in vitro for two drugs, in the form of lyophilisate with doxycycline hyclate for injections and hard gelatin capsules with 100 mg of doxycycline hyclate, confirm equivalence of their bacteriostatic action against bacteria causing infectious diseases in humans.

Constructive and technological methods of intensification of kneading and improving the quality of bread

Kneading dough has a great influence on the processing of subsequent technological operations of the bakery production and products quality. The rheological properties change by mechanical action on the dough during kneading, and deep transformations of protein substances and changes in the properties of starch occurred. These changes cause accelerating the process of dough maturation and improvement of the bread quality in terms of specific volume, porosity structure and compressibility of the crumb. At the end of the dough kneading, a homogeneous elastoplastic capillary-porous mass containing flour, water, yeast and other components is formed and physical, colloidal, microbiological and enzymatic processes actively proceed in it. At the kneading stage, rheological properties of the dough are formed, on which the intensity of the fermentation process, the behavior of the dough during cutting depends. In the scientific and technical literature, there is absent the common point of view on the question about ways to intensify the process of dough kneading. The following parameters are mainly considered in various combinations: the geometric shape of the kneading machine capacity, the shape of the kneading blades and their location, the speed of the working body, the frequency of mechanical action on the kneading mass, the control of the test temperature. Methods of the complex intensification of the kneading process, based on the relationship of the main kneading machine parameters and changes in the rheological properties of the dough, are practically not considered in the scientific literature. One of the ways to intensify the process of dough kneading is the using of reinforced machining treatment. In the application of reinforced mechanical treatment the hydration capacity of the gluten increases, as a result, the water absorption by dough is increased by 1.0 to 1.5 %, which improves its rheological properties, quality and yield of bread.

Derivation of infinite-slit-smeared small-angle scattering from porous surface and porous mass fractals

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is often used to study porous and aggregated fractal materials. Typically whenqis small or when large primary-beam intensities are required, the small-angle geometry employed introduces infinite-slit-height smearing into the experimental data. Herein, simple derivations for infinite-slit-height-smeared SAXS from porous surface and mass fractals are presented, including an approximation for aggregated mass fractals. The models allow rapid analysis of background-subtracted data without the need for deconvolution. An equation is derived that allows analysis of normalization from deconvolution routines applied to porous-fractal data. This model is tested using simulated and experimental SAXS data.