Thyroid fibrous band and levator glandulae thyroideae muscle: Two different structures associated with the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland

We investigated two structures that are in close association with the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland. Our investigation was performed using microdissection and histological examination in 106 human postmortem specimens. The first investigated structure was identified as the thyroid fibrous band that was present in 28.3% of cases. This band was always associated with the pyramidal lobe (which was significantly longer and thicker when associated with this band) and it had a constant hyo-pyramidal extension; it was located close to the midsagittal plane and predominantly composed of dense irregular connective tissue. The second investigated structure was the levator glandulae thyroideae muscle, which was associated with the pyramidal lobe in only 13.6% of cases. This muscle had a double extension, hyo-pyramidal and laryngo-pyramidal, located farther from the midsagittal plane, it was longer and thinner than the thyroid fibrous band and predominantly composed of striated muscle fibers. We confirmed our hypothesis that the thyroid fibrous band, which may be considered as the partial fibrous remnant of the thyroglossal duct and levator glandulae thyroideae, and which may be considered as infrahyoid or laryngeal muscle, are two different structures of the thyroid gland.

On the question of the termination of motor nerves in the muscles of the heart of vertebrates

Despite the significant literature on this issue, we still do not have its final resolution. Here, in brief features, is the main literary data related to this subject. A. Klliker in 1862, examining the nerves of the frog's heart, spoke in favor of their free ending on the muscle cells of the heart, which is most similar to the nerve ends on the striated muscle fibers.

Early intensive treatment to prevent kidney failure in post-traumatic rhabdomyolysis: Case report

Traumatic rhabdomyolysis is a clinical and biological syndrome secondary to lysis of striated muscle fibers resulting in extended musculoskeletal damage. An acute muscle damage causes the release of constituent elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, such as muscle enzymes, potassium, and myoglobin in plasma circulation; these conditions are at great risk of dangerous systemic complications for life such as hypovolemic shock, hyperkalemia, and acute kidney injury. We describe the case of a patient who suffered a severe musculoskeletal and vascular trauma with elevated creatine kinase values and myoglobinemia treated early with coupled plasma filtration adsorption in order to prevent kidney damage, associated with volume replacement, loop diuretics, and correction of metabolic acidosis.

Histopathological Confirmation Etiopathology in the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The authors present a retrospective clinical study on a total of 39 patients of both sexes aged between 38 and 76 years with idiopathic carpal tunnel compressive syndrome that surgically excised the anterior carpal ligament by a process custom classic which they examined histologically. Histopathological examination of objectified as a percentage of 71.79% previously carpal ligament structure is invaded by striated muscle fibers. Based on histopathological findings as the similarities between functional and embryological origin carpal ligament and anterior aponeurosis palm authors propose introducing embriogenetics etiopathology in compression carpal tunnel syndrome or inclusion in this category suffering from Dupuytren diathesis.

Morphology of the urogenital papilla and its component ducts in Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 (Characiformes: Characidae)

The histological description of the urogenital papilla is an important tool to comprehension of the reproductive mechanisms in fish, as well as a pre-requisite to germ cell transplantation in adult fish, besides to be a good biological indicator to environmental changes. Was performed the histological description of the urogenital papilla and its component ducts in the tetra Astyanax altiparanae. The genital and urinay ducts pass separately throughout most part of its extension, joining in a single duct before opening. In males this opening is asymmetric and seems to have double origin, being completely surrounded by striated muscle fibers, while in females it is symmetric and the muscle fibers does not surround it totally. Spermatic duct and oviduct undergo changes throughout their extension, mainly in the morphology of the surrounding epithelium. In the spermatic duct, squamous epithelial cells change to columnar and cuboid with possible secretory activity, close to testes. In the oviduct, anteriorly epithelial cells are also squamous, however, close to ovary there are lamellae composed by a pseudostratified epithelium with columnar and cuboid cells. The urinary duct is highly similar for both sexes presenting globoid cells, which description is known in mammals, however, rare in fish.

Organelle positioning in muscles requires cooperation between two KASH proteins and microtubules

Striated muscle fibers are characterized by their tightly organized cytoplasm. Here, we show that the Drosophila melanogaster KASH proteins Klarsicht (Klar) and MSP-300 cooperate in promoting even myonuclear spacing by mediating a tight link between a newly discovered MSP-300 nuclear ring and a polarized network of astral microtubules (aMTs). In either klar or msp-300ΔKASH, or in klar and msp-300 double heterozygous mutants, the MSP-300 nuclear ring and the aMTs retracted from the nuclear envelope, abrogating this even nuclear spacing. Anchoring of the myonuclei to the core acto-myosin fibrillar compartment was mediated exclusively by MSP-300. This protein was also essential for promoting even distribution of the mitochondria and ER within the muscle fiber. Larval locomotion is impaired in both msp-300 and klar mutants, and the klar mutants were rescued by muscle-specific expression of Klar. Thus, our results describe a novel mechanism of nuclear spacing in striated muscles controlled by the cooperative activity of MSP-300, Klar, and astral MTs, and demonstrate its physiological significance.

Perineal Choristoma and Atresia Ani in 2 Female Holstein Friesian Calves

Atresia ani, a congenital anomaly of the anus, can be associated with other types of malformation. Two female Holstein Friesian calves had imperforate anus, rectovaginal fistula, and perineal choristomas. In one case, the choristoma was composed of mature adipose and fibrous tissue with nephrogenic rests. In the other calf, the choristoma consisted of fragments of trabecular bone coated by cartilage and containing marrow, mixed with mature adipose and fibrous tissue, striated muscle fibers, nerves, and vessels. This combination of malformations resembles the association of anorectal malformations and perineal masses in children.

Intraocular Neuromuscular Choristoma

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Neuromuscular choristomas (NMCs) are rare benign tumors of the peripheral nerves. Although histopathological characteristics of this unusual lesion have been recognized, in this regard, neuroimaging findings have not been well described previously. We report the first intraconally located NMC affecting the oculomotor nerve, with histopathological and radiological characteristics. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 10-year-old girl presented with sudden-onset left temporal and retro-orbital pain. Magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated a small, capsulated, retro-orbital, intraconal solid lesion that was diagnosed as an atypical dermoid cyst preoperatively. The tumor was resected subtotally. Postoperatively, the patient became pain free, but ipsilateral ptosis and upward eye movement failure developed. Histologically, the lesion consisted of well-differentiated striated muscle fibers intermingled with mature nerve elements consistent with the NMC. CONCLUSION: Although intracranial NMCs need histological confirmation for diagnosis, neuroimaging might contribute to the preoperative diagnosis and management strategy of treatment. We report the first intraconal NMC, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraorbital tumors.