Effectiveness Evaluation of Replacement Policies for On-Chip Caches in Multiprocessors

A Cache plays a vital role in improving performance in the multicore environment, especially the Last Level Cache (LLC). The improvements in performance are based on the block size, associativity, and replacement policies. Most of the papers concentrate on traditional Least Recently Used (LRU) based replacement policies for their replacement decisions. Unfortunately, the replacement decisions do not enhance performance of the cache as expected. An enhanced modified Pseudo LRU policy is proposed, which is an approximation of LRU. The proposed methodology uses counters to enhance the confidence of replacement decisions based on the history of the replaceable blocks in cache. It is very clear from the Simulation results that the replacement scheme proposed exhibits better performance improvement in terms of miss ratio of about 3% and energy efficiency of about 2% on an average.

FEATURES OF DESIGNING OF BISTABLE ELECTROMAGNETIC LATCHING RELAYS

Bistable relays are widely used in both general and special purpose engineering. Such relays are subdivided according to the construction principle into two groups: bistable electromagnetic polarized relays and bistable electromagnetic latching relays. In the technical literature, there is practically no information on the design of the relay of the second group. This article highlights general issues of their design using the example of high-current relays of the DP-1 series for rated currents from 25 to 100 A, which have been used for a long time in autonomous power supply systems for military equipment. The descriptions of the distinctive features of the relay construction and the principle of its operation are given. The kinematic schemes of the main mechanism of the electromagnetic and contact systems are considered. The example of constructing the opposing characteristics of the relay is shown. The paper provides the replacement scheme for calculating of magnetic system on improved method of sections and assumptions, characteristic of the given relay construction.

Cluster-based Cache Replacement in 5G Network

In this thesis, we proposed a Cluster-Based Cache Replacement (CBR) scheme for 5G Networks to reduce the backhaul traffic. We developed our scheme based on the understanding of the degradation of the performance of the cache placement algorithm. We expect that whenever file request pattern differs from the file popularity distribution, such as unpopular files become more popular or vice versa, the caching system should experience performance degradation. We address this problem by presenting a cache replacement scheme based on the idea of Least Frequency Used (LFU) replacement policy, but we consider only the recent request to avoid cache pollution. We evaluated the performance of CBR through simulation and compared its performance with LRU that is widely used as a cache replacement technique in practice. We simulated three different configurations of LRU scheme in a cluster-based mobile network model. Our simulation results show that the CBR outperforms LRU, where it reduces the miss ratio from 86% to 76% and the backhaul traffic from 3.67×105 to 3.47×105 MB with 10% of cache size. This superior performance it achieves by fewer replacement decisions and storing more files in the cache.

Cluster-based Cache Replacement in 5G Network

In this thesis, we proposed a Cluster-Based Cache Replacement (CBR) scheme for 5G Networks to reduce the backhaul traffic. We developed our scheme based on the understanding of the degradation of the performance of the cache placement algorithm. We expect that whenever file request pattern differs from the file popularity distribution, such as unpopular files become more popular or vice versa, the caching system should experience performance degradation. We address this problem by presenting a cache replacement scheme based on the idea of Least Frequency Used (LFU) replacement policy, but we consider only the recent request to avoid cache pollution. We evaluated the performance of CBR through simulation and compared its performance with LRU that is widely used as a cache replacement technique in practice. We simulated three different configurations of LRU scheme in a cluster-based mobile network model. Our simulation results show that the CBR outperforms LRU, where it reduces the miss ratio from 86% to 76% and the backhaul traffic from 3.67×105 to 3.47×105 MB with 10% of cache size. This superior performance it achieves by fewer replacement decisions and storing more files in the cache.

Substantiation of the choice of the replacement scheme of line for mathematical modeling of 20 kV power supplies.

In the current global economic crisis and acute shortage of energy resources, increasing importance is attached to energy saving measures, economical and careful consumption of raw materials, materials, electricity and heat, environmental safety of industrial production. During the reconstruction of existing power supply systems of industrial enterprises, modern progressive solutions should be considered and implemented, morally and physically obsolete electrical equipment should be replaced, namely the introduction of new electrical equipment for transition from 6/10 kV to 20 kV in Ukrainian power systems. It is also necessary to pay attention to the improvement of power supply circuits and distribution networks, the implementation of complex automation of complex technological processes, rational compensation of reactive power at all levels of power supply systems. In the power system, the main transport link is the power line. Power lines (transmission lines) are long conductors suspended at a safe distance from the ground overhead lines (overhead lines) or cable lines (overhead lines) in which conductors are insulated from each other and from the environment and protected by insulation and armor electricity. Power lines are the most massive elements of the power supply system, they connect the individual nodes of its circuit. Longitudinal and transverse parameters are distinguished in alternative schemes. The load current flows through the longitudinal parameters, voltage is applied to the transverse ones. The replacement circuit of the electrical network consists of replacement circuits of the following elements: power lines, transformers, reactors, capacitors, loads, power sources. Calculating the steady-state modes of power systems, the substitution schemes of the elements are given in a single-line design, because the parameters of all phases are symmetrical. In local and local electrical networks with a relatively short length and low rated voltage, the conduction currents are small compared to load currents. Therefore, in typical electrical calculations of these networks, the capacitive conductivity of the lines is not taken into account. However, for these networks, the accounting of capacitive conductivities is necessary when considering some modes, the existence of which in itself is due only to the presence of capacitive conductivities. For example, the mode of single-phase ground fault in a network with isolated or compensated neutral or analysis of the modes of operation of neutrals of electrical networks of different voltage classes cannot be performed without taking into account the capacitive conductivity of these networks. When switching the power system of Ukraine to the nominal voltage of 20 kV, it should be taken into account that the transmission line will be replaced in the sections of both the overhead power line and cable power line, namely 35, 10, 6 kV. The replacement scheme must describe all the characteristics and properties of the elements of cable and overhead lines in accordance with real conditions. Thus, it is not expedient to use simplified substitution circuits that neglect energy parameters and properties of conductors to study the parameters of transmission lines. The use of a complete "P" -shaped scheme for the analysis of the parameters of transmission lines and transmission lines for a voltage of 20 kV is the basis of mathematical modeling of the transmission system in the distribution networks of our country.