Ionic Liquid As Cutting Fluid Additive Using Minimum Quantity Lubricant (MQL) in Titanium-Ceramic Contact

Titanium alloys have a wide range of application in the field of automotive, biomedical and the civil industry due to its excellent material properties such as high thermal resistance, high load bearing capacity and high corrosion resistance. However, the high cost of machining titanium limits its application in aerospace and shipbuilding industry. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has emerged as a new lubrication technique to achieve sustainable and profitable machining, but multiple studies show that conventional cutting fluid in MQL is not sufficient to reduce the friction and the associated effects. Recently, ionic liquids have shown a great potential in reducing the friction and wear of materials in contact. This study focuses on using an environment-friendly protic ionic liquid (PIL) tri-[bis (2-hydroxyethylammonium)] citrate (DCi) as an additive to a biodegradable oil (BO) used as lubricant in a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer in the titanium-ceramic contact at three different frequencies (3Hz, 4Hz and 5 Hz) under different loads. Results show a maximum 50% reduction in friction coefficient and 23% wear reduction at a frequency of 5 Hz under a normal load of 2 N by using 1 wt% DCi as an additive to BO as compared to using neat BO as the lubricant.

Study on the effects of nozzle distance to surface roughness of workpiece under minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) milling process

Application of cutting oil during machining process has been the most important contributor for the development of manufacturing sectors. There are many types of machining technologies developed with cutting oil supply system such as minimum quantity lubricant (MQL). With very little supply of lubricant, it can lengthen the cutting tool life and surface roughness of workpiece. Although the low consumption of lubricant is favourable, study on the performance of MQL machining process must be strengthened enough since the high penetration ability of very little amount of lubricant oil is important. Many researches have been carried out since decades ago to study the MQL performance. However, investigation on the effects on nozzle position have not been treated in much detail. Here, this paper is aimed to investigate the effects of nozzle distance to surface roughness of workpiece under MQL milling process. Experimental approach was done mainly under different nozzle distance varied in horizontal direction from the cutting tool. Other than that, the effects of feed rate and spindle speed to the surface roughness were also investigated. As a result, surface roughness increases with increasing feed rate. At lower operation of spindle speed, surface roughness rapidly increases with increasing feed rate compared to higher operated spindle speed. Operation under high feed rate leads to a decreasing surface roughness with increasing spindle speed. Milling under high feed rate for all conditions of nozzle distance can still give a great surface roughness for a workpiece, only if the spindle speed is increased. Surface roughness decreases with increasing distance of nozzle to workpiece in horizontal direction.

Effect of Pulse Jet MQL in Surface Milling of Hardened Steel

Minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) machining is an emerging cooling technology that ensuresgreen machining. In this research work, an innovative design for the application of MQL in the form of pulse jet was created, following the development of that applicator. The surface milling of AISI 4140 steel, heat treated to 40 HRC, was investigated with pulse jet minimum quantity lubricant applicator using VG-68 grade straight cut cutting oil as the cutting fluid in respect of cutting force, surface roughness and tool flank wear with machining time. Four flute carbide end mill cutter was used to investigate the change in tool wear, and compared with thatof the dry condition. The result and analysis indicate that this pulse jet MQL applicator can be utilized in hard milling operation to ensure better surface finish and minimal tool wear and cutting force.