New Regression Models For Evaluating The Tensile Strength of Some Natural Building Stones Using The Indirect Tensile Tests and P-Wave Velocity

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The urban heat island effect on frost damage of natural building stones.

Climate plays a major role in the weathering of building stones. This study specifically investigates the influence of the urban heat island (UHI) in Ghent, Belgium, on freeze-thaw (F-T) weathering of natural building stones and their hydrophobic equivalent. Climatic analysis of data of two places in and around Ghent indicates higher temperatures and lower wind speeds in the city center. This leads to a reduced number of F-T cycles and a lower wind-driven load. Hygrothermal modelling of a natural building stone, Savonnières limestone, is performed for the urban and rural climate of Ghent on the untreated limestone and on the treated limestone to assess the freeze-thaw risk inside these materials. Urban climate has a mitigating effect on the potential frost risk in natural building stones as a result of the urban heat island. Additionally, the application of a water repellent product reduces the potential frost risk even more, since the water density in the stone is reduced.