A Bibliometric Analysis of Atopic Dermatitis Research over the Past Three Decades and Future Perspectives

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been increasing in prevalence over the past few decades; however, AD has never been analyzed using a bibliometric approach. We searched for AD studies in the dermatology and allergy category of the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases using the keywords “atopic dermatitis”, “eczema”, and “atopy”. In total, 53,460 documents were retrieved. We analyzed annual publication trends and performed keyword and co-authorship network analyses. The annual number of AD publications has increased over the years. Asthma, food allergies, the skin barrier, IgE, and epidemiology have received extensive attention. The keywords ‘allergic rhinitis’, ‘child(ren)’, ‘quality of life’, and ‘probiotics’ have become more commonly used in recent years. AD research has been led by only a few countries, such as the USA, Germany, and the UK, and longstanding research topics such as asthma, allergy, and the immune system continue to be important. We suggest that global collaborations, research in developing countries, and research that is more holistic (thus exploring how genes, the immune system, the environment, and the microbiome together impact AD) are necessary.

A clinico-pathological approach to management of atopic dermatitis

Recent research in atopic dermatitis (AD) has identified it to be a heterogeneous inflammatory skin disorder of different endotypes (immune polarisation of T-cell subsets and genetic mutations) underlying various phenotypes (age of onset, ethnicity, disease severity, etc.). The corresponding heterogeneity in underlying patho-mechanisms of the disease has resulted in an impetus towards an endotype-driven management of AD. We propose a practical approach that is based on classifying AD patients into intrinsic and extrinsic phenotypes and their corresponding underlying endotypes. This approach aims to provide a practical method that integrates recent understanding of AD pathogenesis for a targeted endotype-driven management of AD. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, extrinsic eczema, intrinsic eczema

Principles of complementary food introduction in atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin disorders. In most patients, AD is a starting point for developing other atopic diseases, e.g., food allergy, allergic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, allergic rhinitis, and asthma known under the umbrella of "atopic march". In addition to genetic predisposition, various environmental factors are essential for the development of this dermatosis. In young children, food is the most relevant factor. This paper discusses principles of the selection of complementary food, techniques, and terms of its introduction. Prolonging of breastfeeding, the adequate introduction of complementary food, and personified nutrition program prevent the atopic march. The authors highlight that there is no special diet for atopic dermatitis. Meanwhile, food should be safe, low allergy, and balanced to provide a child with essential macro-and micronutrients. In addition, the paper addresses the utility and validity of an elimination diet which should be prescribed only in established food sensitization and used under the control o f a specialist. KEYWORDS: atopic dermatitis, atopic march, infancy, early childhood, nutrition, complementary foods, prevention. FOR CITATION: Botkina A.S., Dubrovskaya M.I. Principles of complementary food introduction in atopic dermatitis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(6):421–426 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-6-421-426.

Atopic Dermatitis as a Multifactorial Skin Disorder. Can the Analysis of Pathophysiological Targets Represent the Winning Therapeutic Strategy?

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pathological skin condition with complex aetiological mechanisms that are difficult to fully understand. Scientific evidence suggests that of all the causes, the impairment of the skin barrier and cutaneous dysbiosis together with immunological dysfunction can be considered as the two main factors involved in this pathological skin condition. The loss of the skin barrier function is often linked to dysbiosis and immunological dysfunction, with an imbalance in the ratio between the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and/or other microorganisms residing in the skin. The bibliographic research was conducted on PubMed, using the following keywords: ‘atopic dermatitis’, ‘bacterial therapy’, ‘drug delivery system’ and ‘alternative therapy’. The main studies concerning microbial therapy, such as the use of bacteria and/or part thereof with microbiota transplantation, and drug delivery systems to recover skin barrier function have been summarized. The studies examined show great potential in the development of effective therapeutic strategies for AD and AD-like symptoms. Despite this promise, however, future investigative efforts should focus both on the replication of some of these studies on a larger scale, with clinical and demographic characteristics that reflect the general AD population, and on the process of standardisation, in order to produce reliable data.

Profil dermatitis atopik pada anak di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2013 – Desember 2015

Abstrack: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin inflammation that mostly occurs in infants and children withh a prevalence of 10-20%. Management of AD needs a systematic approach because AD has complex trigger factors. This study was aimed to obtain AD profile in children at Dermatology and Venereal Polyclinic Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from January 2013 to December 2015. This was a descriptive retrospective study evaluating the medical record of AD among children patients. New cases were grouped in number of cases, age, sex, trigger factor, therapy, and complication. The results showed 117 (15.27%) new AD cases from 766 new cases of skin diseases in children, consisted of 53 (45.3%) males and 64 (54.7%) females with a ratio of 1:1.2. The majority of cases were aged 2-12 years in 72 cases (61.54%); genetic history as the trigger factor in 44 cases (37.61%); combination therapy in 77 cases (65.81%); and associated complication in 42 cases (35.9%).Keywords: atopic dermatitis, profile Abstrak: Dermatitis atopik (DA) merupakan penyakit kulit kronis yang paling sering terjadi pada awal masa infant dan masa kanak-kanak dengan prevalensi berkisar 10-20%. Penatalaksanan DA memerlukan pendekatan sistematik karena faktor pencetus DA bersifat kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil DA pada anak di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2013– Desember 2015. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan mengevaluasi catatan rekam medik pasien DA pada anak. Kasus baru dikelompokkan menurut jumlah kasus, usia, jenis kelamin, faktor pencetus, pengobatan, dan komplikasi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebanyak 117 kasus baru DA pada anak (15,27%) dari 766 kasus baru penyakit kulit pada anak selama periode penelitan, terdiri dari 53 anak laki-laki (45,3%) dan 64 anak perempuan (54,7%) dengan rasio 1:1,2. Mayoritas kasus ialah kelompok usia 2-12 tahun (fase anak) pada 72 kasus (61,54%); faktor pencetus riwayat genetik pada 44 kasus (37,61%); pengobatan terapi kombinasi pada 77 kasus (65,81%); dan adanya komplikasi pada 42 kasus (35,9%). Kata kunci: dermatitis atopik, profil

ETIOPATOGENESIS DERMATITIS ATOPI

Atopic dermatitis is a chronically relapsing skin disease that occurs most commonly during early infancy and childhood. It is a major public health problem worldwide with a prevalence in children 10-20% and 1-3% in adults. However, its main etiology is uncertain. There are some initiating factors that play important roles in the occurence and progress of this dermatitis atopic, such as: decreased skin barrier function, dysfunction of the immune system, genetic factor, enviromental factors, and infections, involving the immune system in the blood as well as in the skin, cytokines, and peptides. Keywords: atopic dermatitis, initiating factors Abstrak: Dermatitis atopi adalah penyakit kulit kronik kambuhan yang paling sering terjadi pada bayi dan anak-anak. Penyakit ini merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di seluruh dunia, dengan prevalensi 10-20% pada anak dan 1-3% pada dewasa. Penyebab pasti dermatitis atopi belum diketahui. Terdapat beberapa faktor pencetus yang diduga turut berperan dalam terjadinya dan perlangsungan dermatitis atopi, antara lain: interaksi antara penurunan fungsi sawar kulit, disfungsi sistem imun, faktor genetik, faktor lingkungan, dan agen infeksi, dengan melibatkan berbagai sistem imun baik di dalam darah maupun pada kulit, sitokin, dan peptida. Kata kunci: dermatitis atopi, faktor pencetus