Zeta functions of the 3-dimensional almost-Bieberbach groups

The subgroup zeta function and the normal zeta function of a finitely generated virtually nilpotent group can be expressed as finite sums of Dirichlet series admitting Euler product factorization. We compute these series except for a finite number of local factors when the group is virtually nilpotent of Hirsch length 3. We deduce that they can be meromorphically continued to the whole complex plane and that they satisfy local functional equations. The complete computation (with no exception of local factors) is presented for those groups that are also torsion-free, that is, for the 3-dimensional almost-Bieberbach groups.

Overview in Summabilities: Summation Methods for Divergent Series, Ramanujan Summation and Fractional Finite Sums

This work presents an overview of the summability of divergent series and fractional finite sums, including their connections. Several summation methods listed, including the smoothed sum, permit obtaining an algebraic constant related to a divergent series. The first goal is to revisit the discussion about the existence of an algebraic constant related to a divergent series, which does not contradict the divergence of the series in the classical sense. The well-known Euler–Maclaurin summation formula is presented as an important tool. Throughout a systematic discussion, we seek to promote the Ramanujan summation method for divergent series and the methods recently developed for fractional finite sums.

Finite Sums Involving Reciprocals of the Binomial and Central Binomial Coefficients and Harmonic Numbers

We prove some finite sum identities involving reciprocals of the binomial and central binomial coefficients, as well as harmonic, Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, some of which recover previously known results, while the others are new.

New Tour on the Subdifferential of Supremum via Finite Sums and Suprema

This paper provides new characterizations for the subdifferential of the pointwise supremum of an arbitrary family of convex functions. The main feature of our approach is that the normal cone to the effective domain of the supremum (or to finite-dimensional sections of it) does not appear in our formulas. Another aspect of our analysis is that it emphasizes the relationship with the subdifferential of the supremum of finite subfamilies, or equivalently, finite weighted sums. Some specific results are given in the setting of reflexive Banach spaces, showing that the subdifferential of the supremum can be reduced to the supremum of a countable family.

Reduction Formulas for Generalized Hypergeometric Series Associated with New Sequences and Applications

In this paper, by introducing two sequences of new numbers and their derivatives, which are closely related to the Stirling numbers of the first kind, and choosing to employ six known generalized Kummer’s summation formulas for 2F1(−1) and 2F1(1/2), we establish six classes of generalized summation formulas for p+2Fp+1 with arguments −1 and 1/2 for any positive integer p. Next, by differentiating both sides of six chosen formulas presented here with respect to a specific parameter, among numerous ones, we demonstrate six identities in connection with finite sums of 4F3(−1) and 4F3(1/2). Further, we choose to give simple particular identities of some formulas presented here. We conclude this paper by highlighting a potential use of the newly presented numbers and posing some problems.

p-Adic q-Twisted Dedekind-Type Sums

The main purpose of this paper is to define p-adic and q-Dedekind type sums. Using the Volkenborn integral and the Teichmüller character representations of the Bernoulli polynomials, we give reciprocity law of these sums. These sums and their reciprocity law generalized some of the classical p-adic Dedekind sums and their reciprocity law. It is to be noted that the Dedekind reciprocity laws, is a fine study of the existing symmetry relations between the finite sums, considered in our study, and their symmetries through permutations of initial parameters.

PS-hollow representations of modules over commutative rings

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring and [Formula: see text] a nonzero [Formula: see text]-module. We introduce the class of pseudo-strongly[Formula: see text]PS[Formula: see text]-hollow submodules of [Formula: see text]. Inspired by the theory of modules with secondary representations, we investigate modules which can be written as finite sums of PS-hollow submodules. In particular, we provide existence and uniqueness theorems for the existence of minimal PS-hollow strongly representations of modules over Artinian rings.

Analytical Properties of the Generalized Heat Matrix Polynomials Associated with Fractional Calculus

In this paper, we introduce a matrix version of the generalized heat polynomials. Some analytic properties of the generalized heat matrix polynomials are obtained including generating matrix functions, finite sums, and Laplace integral transforms. In addition, further properties are investigated using fractional calculus operators.

Ramsey Theory for Layered Semigroups

We further develop the theory of layered semigroups, as introduced by Farah, Hindman and McLeod, providing a general framework to prove Ramsey statements about such a semigroup $S$. By nonstandard and topological arguments, we show Ramsey statements on $S$ are implied by the existence of coherent sequences in $S$. This framework allows us to formalise and prove many results in Ramsey theory, including Gowers' $\mathrm{FIN}_k$ theorem, the Graham–Rothschild theorem, and Hindman's finite sums theorem. Other highlights include: a simple nonstandard proof of the Graham–Rothschild theorem for strong variable words; a nonstandard proof of Bergelson–Blass–Hindman's partition theorem for located variable words, using a result of Carlson, Hindman and Strauss; and a common generalisation of the latter result and Gowers' theorem, which can be proven in our framework.

k Part Partitions of Integers

This paper presents formulas (together with their proofs) determining 3 and 4 part partitions of any integer. These formulas were derived using the properties of the floor function and Bernoulli formulas for various powers of finite sums of the floor function series. This made it possible to obtain above formulas in a much simpler way than most traditional methods.