Geochemistry of Granites from Chail Group of Garhwal Region, Lesser Himalaya, NW India

Paleoproterozoic granites are well exposed in the Chail group of Garhwal region, Lesser Himalaya crystalline sequences (LCHS). These granites are less studied in terms of geochemical classification and tectonic settings. In the present work, we carried out the geochemical analysis of granites of the Chail group from the Chirbatiya-Khal and Ghuttu areas. All the samples have high SiO2 (73.24 ̶79.1 wt %), Al2O3 (11.2 ̶12.95 wt %), K2O (3.8 ̶5.9 wt %) and low P2O5 (0.11 ̶0.24 wt %), CaO (0.21 ̶1.02 wt %), and Na2O (2.2-3.03 wt %; exceptionally low in one sample, that is 0.009 wt %) contents. The A/CNK values for the samples are range from 1.19 to 2.91, characteristic of S-type granites. REE patterns for these granites are moderately fractionated with an average (La/Yb)N ̴8.21 and europium anomaly (Eu/Eu*) ̴0.15. The tectonic settings of the studied granite suggest that they are formed in syn-collision tectonic environments.

Measurement of Marketing Challenges Being Faced By Traditional Textile Manufacturers of Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand

Handloom division under material industry is the second-biggest work producing segment for a significant provincial populace in India after agribusiness. It gives direct work to a significant populace occupied with weaving and partnered exercises. Extraordinary plans and artfulness is the claim to fame of Indian handloom industry alongside the masterfulness of weavers, it additionally exhibits the wealth and assorted variety of the country. Handlooms contribute a significant part in sends out too. The area has a bit of leeway of being less capital escalated, insignificant utilization of intensity which makes it eco-accommodating, adaptability of little production, receptiveness to advancements and versatility to showcase necessities. Some significant handloom export Indian centres are Varanasi, Panipat and Kannur some more places which involved in the handloom items like Bed clothing material, Table material, Linen, Kitchen material, Flooring material, weaved materials, curtains and so forth are delivered for export markets. Present research paper has measured the marketing challenges which are faced by the traditional textile manufacturers of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. On the basis of research findings various suggestions and recommendations are made to manufacturers, state Government and other associated stakeholders.

Sensitivity and Resistivity Pattern of some commonly used Antibiotics against Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among elderly individuals from Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand, India

Urinary Tract Infection is a very common kind of microbial infection (mainly bacterial) that affects all the age groups. A high UTI infection rate has been reported in 51 and above aged population beside it’s highly prevalent in sexually active population. In recent times most of the commonly used antibiotics has reported being less effective against UTI. In this light a retrospective study was designed to understand the resistivity and sensitivity pattern of bacterial population against commonly used antibiotics in 51 plus population of Garhwal region. Urine samples from individuals were collected in sterile bottles. Bacterial cultures from these samples were obtained, pure cultures were isolated and identified using their characteristic biochemical tests. Resistivity and sensitivity pattern of antibiotics were assessed by agar well method. A high infection rate reported in males as compared to females. E. coli was found main infective agent in most of the samples followed by S. aureus and CoNS. High resistance level was observed against most of the antibiotics generally used while meager of such antibiotics found sensitive to isolates. The high resistivity shown by bacterial population to antibiotic can be attributed to the irrational use and this highlights the need of developing novel antibiotics. The study provides a baseline data for the UTI sensitive elderly population of Garhwal region. This will also help the state health department in making strategies to contain the infection among elderly people which sometimes becomes life-threatening in the remote hilly areas of this region.

Outbreak and life cycle of the hook tip moth, Deroca inconclusa (Walker,1856) (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae) on Himalayan Dogwood, Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. (Cornaceae) in Garhwal region of Western Himalaya, India

During the course of survey carried out in Chakrata hills (Chakrata Forest Division, Dehradun district, Uttarakhand (Western Himalaya), sporadic infestation by the hook tip moth, Deroca inconclusa (Walker,1856) (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae : Drepaninae) was recorded on Cornus capitata Wall. ex Roxb. trees in Chakrata Reserve Forest at several locations. Outbreak of the hook tip moth is being reported for the first time from this region along with its life history on C. capitata from the Garhwal region of the Western Himalaya.

DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF BOLETOID MUSHROOMS FROM GARHWAL HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND

The present investigation was carried out in different mixed broadleaf and coniferous forests of Garhwal Himalaya. Major associates trees are Quercus, Rhododendron, Betula, Pinus, Cedrus and Cupressus in the explored forest. The specimens were collected from these forests between July 2000 to September 2004, in the elevation range of 1600–3000 m above sea level from districts Chamoli, Pauri, Rudraprayag and Tehri. As a result of an extensive field survey and microscopic study in laboratory, 7 genera spread over into 35 taxa belonging to 3 families (Boletaceae, Gyroporaceae and Suillaceae) were identified. Of these, 7 taxa were known to be edible and consumed in various parts of Garhwal region.