Delineation of Cavity in Downstream Surge Chamber at Punatsangchhu-II Hydroelectric Project, Bhutan

On 3rd March, 2016, there occurred a massive roof fall incidence in one of the major caverns of Punatsangchhu-II Hydroelectric Project (PHEP-II), Bhutan which halted the operations in the major caverns and required additional strengthening measures. Prior to concluding anything on the treatment measures for the muck flown into the cavern and the cavity formed over the crown of Downstream Surge Chamber, there was a strong need to determine the extents of cavity. Even to understand the influence of cavity formation on adjacent caverns, the cavity needs to be delineated. Therefore, the management of PHEP-II adopted several techniques to decipher the shape and dimensions of the cavity like, surveying, geophysical, cross-hole seismic surveys, borehole scanning, and exploratory drilling. The tentative shape of the cavity could finally be established. The findings from each method are explained in this paper.

Azerbaijan needs diversification despite gas growth

Significance The slump was caused by low oil prices and left a legacy of higher debt and banking fragility. The slowdown pushed the government into reviewing the fiscal framework and placing renewed emphasis on economic diversification. Impacts The objective of increasing domestic financing as an alternative to external borrowing may prompt reforms to financial intermediation. The legacy of financial stress will constrain future credit expansion and hence the impact of diversification efforts. If BP's exploratory drilling in 2019-20 reveals new reserves, hydrocarbons' continuing dominance will be assured.

First observations of the bigfin squid Magnapinna sp. in the Colombian Southern Caribbean

Herein, first observations are reported of Magnapinna squids in the Colombian Southern Caribbean. Two specimens were observed by Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV) during exploratory drilling surveys for hydrocarbons at 1,883 and 2,294 m depth. These are the first observations of specimens of Magnapinna in the Southern Caribbean. Resumen La primera observación del calamar Magnapinna sp. en el caribe sur colombiano. Dos especímenes de calamares de aleta grande fueron observados con submarino de operación remota (ROV) durante un proyecto de perforación exploratoria de hidrocaburos a profundidades de 1,883 y de 2,294 m, respectivamente. Estas son las primeras observaciones de especímenes de Magnapinna en el Caribe Sur.