Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Districts, Parwan, Afghanistan

This groundwater research is carried out groundwater quality in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Districts. The main objective of this research is to find out natural causes of drinking water contaminations (toxic elements and components), that are leaching from soluble arrangement of rocks,sediments and soil by surface water at the infiltration time, toward the groundwater. For completion this research I used two categories of water analysis; one is areal analysis, and another is laboratory analysis. In areal analysis ten wells have been recovered by this research in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Distracts, a number of Electro-Conductivity, water temperature,dissolved oxygen in water, Total Dissolved Soled (TDS) and the Resolved Salt in Water (SSW), determination Partible ground at areal complete. For laboratory works I used chemical device of Spectra- photo model. From comparing mean of chemical and physical parameters with standards.pH, K, Na, Mg, Cl, Fe, F, TH, Ca and SO4 all are normal and we can use them for drinking and irrigation waters. The challenges that I faced during this research are; absence of research in this area and lack of geological equipment’s.

Petrographic Characteristics and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks in the Kyaukmyet Prospect, Monywa District, Central Myanmar

The Kyaukmyet prospect lies approximately 5 km ENE of the highsulfidation Kyisintaung copper-gold deposit, Monywa district, central Myanmar. Geologically, the research area is remarked by magmatic extrusion that occurred during the Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene of Magyigon Formation which led to the outcrops of volcanic rocks. Study detailed on petrographical and geochemical of the Kyaukmyet volcanic rocks has not been performed before the present work. The principal aim of this paper is to document the petrographical and geochemical characteristics of volcanic suite rocks exposed in the Kyaukmyet prospect. The results of this data have provided insight into the origin of the rocks and petrogenetic processes during evolution. Petrographically, all the studied volcanic rocks in the research area show that trachytic and porphyritic textures with phenocrysts of quartz, plagioclase, and K-feldspar which are embedded in a fine to medium grained groundmass. The accessory minerals of this rock consist of biotite, chlorite and opaque mineral.Geochemically, these volcanic rocks having calc-alkaline nature and classified as volcanic field (rhyolite) as well as volcanic arc setting. Based on the chondrite normalized spider diagram, LREE has enriched to HREE in this area which indicated negative Eu anomaly and subduction tectonic setting.

Investigations on River Sediments in Chak Sedimentary Basin, Wardak Province, Afghanistan

This sedimentary is from a largest basin of Afghanistan, which covers an area of 9772 km2. It is located about 80 km, at west side of Kabul. In this research, we studied different types of heavy and light minerals, gravel analysis in river sediments. Logar River is core stream flowing over basin,it carries diverse masses of sediments from dissimilar parts of surroding montians. Further, in the months of summer while snowmelting is started,transfer diverse materials and cause different traces to be made. Area of basin is enclosed by mountain range and separated into two sections,majore part is Khawat Olya and second one is Khawat Sufla. The main aim of study is to characterize different sizes and types of minerals in river load for the previous geological periods. This research is therefore essential to explain different sizes and type of minerals in river sediments, which is no any study has been conducted in the study area. This study found out that the category of sediments is related to the parental materials that are placed in the close mountains such as; gneiss, limestone, and granite, dissimilar varities of conglomerate, slate, schist, reefs, conglomerate and sandston.

Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Data of Part of Gwagwalada Abuja Nigeria for Potential Mineral Targets

This study analyzes aeromagnetic data over a section of Gwagwalada in Abuja. The data were obtained from the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency acquired at 100 m terrain clearance. The study area spans longitudes 7.0875 E to 7.1458 E and latitude 8.9625 N to 9.0 N (about 27 km2). The dataset was reduced to the equator (RTE) and downward continued by 50 m. Analytic signal filter was applied on TMI-RTE grid to detect the edges of the magnetic bodies present. The structure was observed to trend NE-SW. The CET lineament map reveals intersections such as junctions and corners on the map. This revealed structure liable for potential mineralization zone. Euler deconvolution technique applied over the transformed dataset ascertain the location and depth of the structure,having a maximum depth of about 421 m and a minimum of about 59 m.Variation in magnetic depth and susceptibility contrast is specified by the gridded SPI depth map.

Volcanogenic Deposits of Non-ferrous Metals in the Lesser Caucasus and Eastern Pontides

The paper presents brief characteristics of geological environments of ore deposit occurrences in Turkey, Georgia and Armenia. They can be attributed to Kuroko-type deposits, being distinguished by the character of ore accumulation. To the west, in Turkey, there are epigenetic and hydrothermal-sedimentary copper-zinc deposits that were formed in deep restricted basinal settings. An example of the latter is the Chayeli deposit.To the east, in the Caucasus, we have predominantly only epigenetic deposits. Besides, in the Bolnisi mining district (Georgia) there is the Madneuli deposit which represents an example of polyformational deposit. Here, within the restricted territory, have been concentrated:barite, barite-polymetallic, gold-bearing secondary quartzite, large-scale stockworks of copper ores. Judged by the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, some volcanites which are spatially associated with ores, might have been products of the “differentiation” of undepleted mantle, or other magmas that were generated in the lower part of the earth crust.In the Alaverdi ore district in Armenia, there are Jurassic volcanodepressions that host copper, copper-zinc and barite-sulfide ores. All the deposits of the Alaverdi district, porphyry copper including, contain economic reserves of ores.On the basis of available literature material and our own data, there has been created a mental-logical geological-genetic model of volcanogenic deposits.

Structural Exploration of Aeromagnetic Data over Part of Gwagwalada, Abuja for Potential Mineral Targets Using Derivatives Filters

Aeromagnetic data are consistently used for economic interest targeting and geological mapping. Besides solving problems that are concerned with the basement, the method has become a useful tool in exploring minerals,hydrocarbons occurrence,groundwater investigations, and geothermal potentials. This study analyses aeromagnetic data from the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency acquired at 100 m terrain clearance over a section of Gwagwalada in Abuja. The study area spans longitudes 7.0875° E to 7.1458° E and latitude 8.9625° N to 9.0° N (about 27 km2 ). After a reduction to the equator (RTE) transformation, the data is downward continued by 50 m. Different filters are applied to outline area of alteration associated to mineral deposit. Regional geologic structures trend NE - SW.The application of vertical derivatives (FVD and SVD) to the RTE grid enhanced shallow structures which trend NE - SW. Horizontal gradients along the X- and Y- directions enhance geological contacts attributable to blind faults. The Tilt derivative (TD) accentuated fault lines which trend NE - SW.

Climate Change and Natural Disasters: Are they linked?

Geology, the science of earth – rocks, minerals, soils, and water within atmosphere and lithosphere encompasses a number of geological phenomena evolved over the geological time.

Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks of Beka, North East of Ngaoundéré (Adamawa Plateau, Cameroon): Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Context

Beka area is situated in the Adamaoua Plateau of Cameroon in central Arica. Lavas in this area has not been studied before the present work.The volcanism of Beka is characterized by basalt, trachyte and phonolite domes and flows. The petrographic study shows that basaltic lavas have porphyritic microlitic textures. The felsic lavas indicate trachytic textures.The rocks are composed of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and irontitanium oxide minerals for the basalts; clinopyroxene, alkali feldspar (including foids), sphene and titanomagnetite for the felsic lavas. Chemical analyses show that basaltic lavas are basanites. Felsic lavas contain modal feldspathoid (nepheline in phonolites). All these lavas belong to the same series, because the felsic lavas are derived from the differentiation of basaltic lavas by fractional crystallization. They show an alkaline nature according to their geochemistry. Trace elements including Rare Earth Elements characteristics show that rocks emplaced in the Winthin Plate volcanic zone. They derived from an evolved parent magma showing a low degree of partial melting and characteristics closer to a modified and evolved primitive spinel lherzolite.

Integrated Geophysical and Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Studies in Adum West Area of Benue State,Nigeria

Integration of geophysical and hydrogeochemical methods has been scientifically proven to be useful in vulnerability study and groundwater characterization. Subsurface geoelectric parameters such as resistivity and thickness obtained from geophysical method (Vertical Electrical Sounding VES) was used to determine aquifers vulnerability, longitudinal resistance (ρL) and transverse unit resistance (Rt). Thirty four water samples were collected from groundwater sources for physicochemical analysis.Estimated results from longitudinal conductance (S), (Rt) and (ρL) showed that the values ranges from 0.03 to 2.5mhos, 103.64 to 1964417.8 Ω/m2 and 215.41 to 65731.68 Ω-m respectively. Result from S suggested that 50 % of groundwater is considered to be vulnerable to contamination from the earth surface, while the remaining 50 % is considered to be slightly vulnerable to surface contamination. Further findings obtained from hydrogeochemical analysis such as Gibb’s and Chadba plots revealed that groundwater is highly influenced by rock water interaction,groundwater is classified to be Na+ + HCO3¯, Ca2+ + Mg2++ HCO3¯ , Na+ + Cl¯ and Ca2+ + Mg2+ + Cl¯ water type. Deduction from Soltan classification suggested that groundwater is classified to be of Na+ ˗ HCO3¯ and Na+ ˗ SO4 2¯ water type. Results obtained from Ec and pH suggested that the values were below WHO permissible limit, while result obtained from TDS showed that at some sampling points TDS values were above WHO limit. Based on pH value obtained groundwater within the study area fell within slightly basic to acidic.

The Horizontal Loop Electromagnetic (HLEM) Response of Ifewara Transcurrent Fault,Southwestern Nigeria: A Computational Results

The need to accurately interpret geological models that approximate mineralized zones in a Basement Complex terrain necessitate the development of horizon loop electromagnetic method (HLEM) forward modeling solutions for such scenarios. The focus of the present work is on finding rapid forward modeling solutions for synthetic HLEM data as an aid in exploration for moderate to deep conductive mineral exploration targets.The main thrust is obtaining idealized HLEM models that are required for geological interpretation of the subsurface in such environment. The original HLEM equations developed by Wesley were extended to represent a horizontally stratified earth with a conductive approximated by shear zone. From these equations a computer program was written to calculate the HLEM responses for optimal conductor model with known values of coil separations (L), depth of burial (z) and angle of dip of the target.The thin conductive model was used because it is simple and suitable for different geological scenarios. The accuracy of the approximate forward solution has been confirmed for HLEM systems with various geometric ranges, frequencies and conductivities. Three models having varying overburden thickness, dip angle of target and source-receiver separation were used in the forward modeling. The effect of varying the dip angle,overburden thickness and coil separation was studied in all the three models used. The result obtained from the forward modeling showed that variation of the dip angle gave rise to changes in the amplitudes of the anomalies generated, while that of overburden and coil separation gave rise to changes in anomaly shape. Also, the geometry and position of the causative body were precisely delineated.