論《龍龕手鑑》正俗體字聲符替換與唐五代西北方音

<p>遼僧行均所著《龍龕手鑑》，成書於宋太宗至道三年（997），乃專為佛教徒通解文字研讀佛典所編纂的一部字書。當中引用他書的情況相當複雜，除了佛經音義書，還有不少前代字書、韻書，因此不管是在音韻性質或者語料時代的判別上，皆不宜做太單純的思考。本文在孔仲溫、儲泰松等學者的啟發下，一方面考察當中眾多參用資料的成書年代，以確定其語料的時代性，繼而觀察筆者從中整理所得的四百多筆正俗體字聲符替換字組，並分析存在其間的音韻現象。發現當中某些音韻表現與唐五代西北方音的音韻特徵具有一致性，與過去學者們運用反切系聯法，以系聯當中複雜音切所得結果有所不同。在跳脫《切韻》或是通語雅音的音系框架之外，得以看見《龍龕手鑑》不同面向的音韻內涵。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Longkan Shoujian, a dictionary completed by a Liao dynasty monk named Xingjun in 997, is used to aid Buddhists in the study of Buddhist text and scriptures. Because Longkan Shoujian cites from numerous sources including yinyishu (dictionaries of pronunciations and meanings), dictionaries published in previous dynasties, and rhyme dictionaries, one must investigate thoroughly when attempting to decipher the phonological characteristics of Longkan Shoujian and the dynasties in which its corpuses were written. Inspired by scholars such as Chung-wen Kung and Tai-song Chu, this study examined the years in which many of the cited materials were completed to verify the dynasties in which the corpuses of Longkan Shoujian were written. Subsequently, this study explored the phonetic component substitution groups for the 400+ canonical and noncanonical Chinese characters that it had organized and summarized; and analyzed the phonological phenomena within. The study results showed that some of the phonological characteristics were similar to those of Northwestern China in the Five Dynasties period, challenging the results obtained by previous scholars using the fanqie association method (which involves separating a character&rsquo;s pronunciation into two other characters). By not accepting information preached in Qieyun and the phonological system of common languages in China as the gospel truth, this study discovered the different phonological characteristics observed in Longkan Shoujian.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

MARKET BASKET ANALYSIS USING THE FP-GROWTH ALGORITHM TO DETERMINE CROSS-SELLING

KAOCHEM Sinergi Mandiri Cooperative is a cooperative that provides various kinds of basic needs such as basic foodstuffs that can meet the needs of its members. The cooperative transaction data is only stored as a report. Association rules are a method in data mining that functions to identify items that have a value that is likely to appear simultaneously with other items. One implementation of the association method is Market Basket Analysis. The data used are transaction data for November 2019. Data mining is one of the processes or stages of the KDD method. The data mining process is carried out using the FP-Growth algorithm, which is one of the algorithms for calculating the sets that often appear from data. Researchers analyzed transaction data using the Rapid Miner Studio tools. In the data mining process using FP-Growth the researcher determines a minimum support value of 3% and a minimum confidence of 50%. The association process using these values ​​produces 3 strong rules, namely if ades 350 ml, then fried / lontong with a support value of 0.030 and confidence 0.556 and if fried st, then fried / lontong with a support value of 0.048 and confidence 0.639, and if nasi uduk / bacang , then fried / rice cake with a support value of 0.031 and confidence 0.824. The results of the association rules can be applied using one of the marketing techniques, namely cross-selling to increase the sales of the cooperative.

Adaptation of the food choice questionnaire – Digitalization of the word association method

In the last decade, bread consumption was decreasing in Hungary (from 44.5 kg to 34.4 kg/capita). Our aim is to identify the factors influencing the consumption of different bread and bakery products, using the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ).FCQ is frequently used to explore factors (e.g., price, packaging, etc.) influencing the purchase of different food products. The adapted version of the FCQ for breads and bakery products is not yet available in Hungarian language. Word association (WA) and triangulation methods are usually used in the adaptation process.Due to COVID-19, WA method was performed with a newly developed application presenting six photos of breads. This was completed by 193 participants. Responses were analysed using a categorizing triangulation technique, based on which the FCQ was modified.In this study, we present the implementation and the results of the digitalized WA method and its use in the adaptation process of the FCQ.