Study The Influence of Lateral Shoot Removal And Foliar Application of Algamix on Vegetative Growth And Yield of Grapevine (vitis Vinifera L.) Cv. Zark

A field experiment was carried out in a private orchard located at Dargalle village, Duhok governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq, during growing season of 2019 to investigate the effect of lateral shoots removal, spraying of three concentrations (0, 4 and 8 ml. L-1 ) of Algamix and their interaction on growth, yield and quality of ' Zark’ grapes. The results indicated that lateral shoot removal and both concentration of Algamix significantly increased leaf area and shoot length, as soon as TSS and total yield per vine. The interaction between the studies factors varied in their effect on the traits, the most important interaction was the interaction of lateral shoot removal + spraying of high concentration of Algamix (8 ml. L-1

Cutting and regeneration of roots and seedlings from seeds of Eugenia candolleana DC. at different maturity stages

The potential to generate new roots and even whole plants even after the removal of most of their reserves is a typical characteristic of monoembryonic seeds of species of the genus Eugenia. Previous studies have shown that seeds of Eugenia can produce seedlings even with only ¼ of their mass, including seeds at the initial stages of maturity or seeds already in germination. This could be an important ecologically strategy for ensuring propagation of Eugenia species since they would be able to develop serial seedlings from the same seed, depending on environmental conditions, but this has not yet been evaluated. In this study, seeds of E. candolleana at four maturity stages were cut longitudinally or transversally, and they maintained high germination percentages and production of normal seedlings. In a second experiment, the first and second seedlings that developed were removed and regeneration capacity was also evaluated. The results showed that it was possible to obtain more than one normal seedling from each seed. They also showed that even after root and shoot removal, regeneration of new roots and seedlings occurred. These characteristics could be understood as evolutionary strategies to ensure natural propagation of this species in an unsuitable environment.

Phosphate Nutrition and Defoliation Effects on Growth and Root Physiology of Alfalfa

Phosphorus (P) deficiency reduces forage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The objective of this study was to determine the influence of P nutritionand defoliation on alfalfa shoot growth, root carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and steady-state mRNA levels for high-affinity P transporters. In a greenhouse study, P-deprived plants were provided with 0, 0.25, 2, and 6 mM P beginning 7 d before shoot removal. Plants were sampled immediately (day -7) on days -5, -2, 0 (day of shootremoval), and on days 1, 2, 6, and 9 post-shoot removal. Addition of P to P-deficient plants stimulated growth of shoots but not roots. Taproot bark sugar concentrations were reduced significantly in cut plants at any rate of P, whereas only the 6 mM P treatment reduced taproot wood sugar concentrations in uncut plants. There was a significant defoliation-induced decline in both wood and bark sugar and amino-acid concentration that was enhanced at high P rates. Low P reduced utilization of starch and protein reserves in taproots. Transcripts for a high-affinity P transporter were not detected in any root or shoot tissue assayed, irrespective of defoliation or P treatment. The uncertain relationship between P availability and P-transporter transcript abundance in our greenhouse-grown plants requires additional investigation.