Photoinduced organic reactions by pyrene catalysts

Pyrene is one of the most attractive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in photochemistry. Based on their redox properties, pyrenes have potential as photosensitizers. In this review, we aim to summarize recent developments in pyrene-catalyzed photoinduced organic reactions via the process of energy transfer or single electron transfer based on the excited state of pyrenes. 1. Introduction 2. Photolysis involving N–O bond cleavage or decarboxylation 3. (Cyclo)addition reactions with styrenes 4. Transformations via cleavage of C–F, C–I, C–S, and C–N bonds 5. Reactions based on sensitization-initiated electron transfer (SenI-ET) 6. Miscellaneous transformations 7. Conclusion

Catalytic nanoparticles and magnetic nanocatalysts in organic reactions: A mini review

Nanocatalysts, as a part of nanotechnology, have been seen very useful for various fileds of applications capturing a large contribution of the world market. Indeed, several unsolved issues of catalysts have been reconsidered by employing the new nanocatalysts including single core metal atoms and ions with surrounding holes. Moreover, it was expected that the future of catalytic reactions, especially those organic ones, will deal with the nanocatalyst applications. To this aim, the features of catalytic nanoparticles and magnetic nanocatalysts regarding evaluation of their advantages and applications in organic reactions were investigated in this work. Developments of catalytic nanoparticles and magnetic nanocatalysts were discussed in this work regarding the novel applications of such materials at the nanoscale for approaching advantageous features. Increased availability, activity, and stability are very important for applications of the catalysts in various organic reactions. Therefore, it is a must to discuss features of such nanocatalytic systems to provide more information about their advantages and even disadvantages of their applications.