Implementing E-Commerce from Logistic Perspective: Literature Review and Methodological Framework

E-commerce is always more diffused as a selling channel around the whole world market, and its importance has increased and continues to increase with the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. It provides enterprises a lot of opportunities, as the importance of physical stores to sell goods is bypassed. However, it has also changed the role of logistics in the supply chain. For this reason, this work aims to identify the main logistics research areas related to e-commerce implementation and the factors and key performance indicators, which should be taken into account for each logistics research area, with particular attention to sustainable aspects. For doing this, a structured and comprehensive literature analysis is carried out. Keywords associated with e-commerce and logistics areas are matched to identify the most interesting works related to its implementation. From the analysis, five main research areas are identified: Supply Chain Network Design (SCND); Outbound Logistics (OL); Reverse Logistics (RL); Warehousing (WR); and IT and data management (E-IT). For each area, key factors, strategies and performance indicators have been identified. Finally, a methodological framework that summarizes the results of the analysis is presented; this is a useful tool for managers to implement or expand their e-commerce business. Many works are focused on one research area, carrying out critical factors, models, and methods to implement that topic. Instead, the methodological framework presented here summarizes multiple research areas from a logistic point of view, identifying for each one input and output variables and how they influence each other.

Global trends and problems of digital transformation in the global aviation services market

In the article, based on an assessment of the evolution, dynamics and modern trends in the development of world aviation, it was substantiated that at the present stage, aviation is one of the most globalized industries, continuing its geographical expansion, withstanding world crises and demonstrating longterm growth and sustainability. The main trends in the modernization of the aviation industry are revealed and the mechanisms of the impact of digitalization on the consumption patterns in the modern world market of aviation services in the context of demographic and technological shifts are assessed. The possibilities of introducing new models of service delivery in the context of digitalization of world aviation have been identified. The main global trends have been formulated that will determine the development of the world aviation services market in the context of its digitalization in the future, in particular: the development of customer focus; accelerated implementation of advanced data analytics; increasing pressure on airlines in the context of increasing environmental sustainability; complication of distribution systems in the context of increased competition with international companies — technology giants; modification of international airline networks; growth of cross-border partnerships and strategic alliances in the industry. We have found that the most important area of modernization of the industry will be the challenges of the development of intermodal and multimodal air transport communications, as well as the optimization of air traffic management at the international level. Finally, the authors believe that regulatory differentiation and heterogeneity in different countries remains a key barrier to digital transformation in the global aviation services market, and besides, national legislation is not yet able to timely adapt to the rapid changes taking place in the market.

Model of state support for organic farming of Kazakhstan in the context of creation of international regulatory framework for the industry

The paper evaluates the status and prospects for a wider market capacity of organic foods and items. The paper analyzes regulatory framework for organic market in Kazakhstan. The paper describes the conditions for the development of the organic market. The transformation of global food market structures has influenced the organic farming. Demand for organic products has been growing rapidly. Whereas the European Union has put in place at the time an effective system for regulating organic production, the EAEU, CIS, and SCO countries can see this production taking shape only now. It is argued that Kazakhstan is harnessing its agricultural potential only partially, including organic food production. The paper proves that the development of green farming entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan will enable agricultural organizations, aided by the measures of state support, to form a new niche in the market for organic products and expand the supply of organic products in the world market. New approaches are proposed for the first time in regard to formulating regulations, model laws, and recommendations of international unions.

Catalytic nanoparticles and magnetic nanocatalysts in organic reactions: A mini review

Nanocatalysts, as a part of nanotechnology, have been seen very useful for various fileds of applications capturing a large contribution of the world market. Indeed, several unsolved issues of catalysts have been reconsidered by employing the new nanocatalysts including single core metal atoms and ions with surrounding holes. Moreover, it was expected that the future of catalytic reactions, especially those organic ones, will deal with the nanocatalyst applications. To this aim, the features of catalytic nanoparticles and magnetic nanocatalysts regarding evaluation of their advantages and applications in organic reactions were investigated in this work. Developments of catalytic nanoparticles and magnetic nanocatalysts were discussed in this work regarding the novel applications of such materials at the nanoscale for approaching advantageous features. Increased availability, activity, and stability are very important for applications of the catalysts in various organic reactions. Therefore, it is a must to discuss features of such nanocatalytic systems to provide more information about their advantages and even disadvantages of their applications.

Pakistan’s Exports and Global Economy: Export Competitiveness and Efficiency of Toys and Games

The aim of this study is to examine the export performance and competitiveness of Pakistan's toy exports by using different indices of revealed comparative advantage. The data were looked at from the International Trade Centre (ITC) for Pakistan’s toys exports during 2004-2020. The results of this study show that Pakistan enjoyed a comparative advantage in exporting toys to the world market during 2004-2020, because the RCA index is greater than 1. The positive values of RSCA and LnRCA indicate that Pakistan had a CA in the concerned sector during 2004-2020. The study also observed that Pakistan had a competitive advantage by employing Vollrath index (RCA#). In addition, the revealed competitiveness index (RC) indicates that Pakistan experienced competitiveness in the toy export sector. The RMA index shows that Pakistan also enjoyed a comparative advantage in the imports of toys during 2004-2020. This means that Pakistan also imports these products from other economies of the world. The index of RTA describes that Pakistan had a net comparative advantage in this sector during analysis. TBI illustrates that Pakistan is the net-exporter in the toys and games sector in the global economy. Pakistan's toy manufacturers need to find new innovative and technologically advanced methods to stimulate domestic toy production and exports.

Reliability of construction of nuclear power facilities in the global energy market

Purpose: development of conceptual provisions, methodical approaches and practical recommendations about modeling and integrated management at a pre-investment stage of nuclear power construction facilities in the international energy construction market. Materials and methods: a set of the interrelated methodological approaches based on the theory of complex systems life cycle, methods of abstraction, comparison, analysis, synthesis, opposition, modeling, forecasting, expert assessments, risk theory and others. The research is conducted with the use of open data resources of the International Energy Agency (IEA), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), World Nuclear Association (WNA), Nuclear Energy Agency under OECD and ROSATOM State Corporation open statistical data. Results: Features of the modern global world market of nuclear power construction, as well as the role and place of Russia in it, are considered. A comprehensive review of the literature on the studied problems is accomplished. A methodology for modeling the organizational and economic reliability (OER) of complex systems is suggested. Modeling of the structural components of the life cycle (hereinafter LCi-j) of an investment project for the NPP construction on the international market in the conditions of high competition is proposed.

The Development of Digital Technologies in a Transformational Change in Production

The present article examines the issues of digital transformation of the production sphere (based on methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization of material relevant to the topic), which has great relevance for changes in modern production due to the transition to a new technological mode. The role of production, especially the industrial production, in the historical aspect of socio-economic development of the country is always pivotal and the competitiveness of economic systems at the micro, meso and macro levels of the country, as well as the country as a whole in the world market, depends on the timeliness of its modernization. The analysis of the production output categories allowed the authors to find out the specific weight of innovative products and give its characteristic in the aspect of production sectors: 1) high-tech; 2) medium-tech; 3) low-tech. Therein, it is shown that the first group has only 25 % of industries in it, the second has 31 % and the third has 44 %. Russia’s share of innovative products (services) in the world market is only 4,3 %, and the business sector has software deficiency. The authors draw the conclusion that, in order to intensify the modernization of the production sphere, it is necessary to widely implement digital technologies in small industrial enterprises, as well as in import-substituting enterprises, as they are more receptive to innovation. The authors examined the structure of manufacturing production and provided a description of the state of digitalization in all federal districts of Russia. They also carried out a correlation and regression analysis of the digitalization potential of the production sphere, based on the assessment of the closeness of the relationship between the use of broadband Internet and the volume of manufacturing production.

Contribution of apiculture in social and economic development of Nigeria

There is urgent need to rescue Nigerian economy from deluge of crisis it is been confronted with atthe present time. To achieve this, it is pivotal to explore various potentials available in the country to solve her problem. Therefore, this paper examines the potential of apiculture industry in social and economic development of the nation. Hive products such as beewax, propolis, pollen and royal jelly are known to have contributed largely to the economic development of advanced countries like China, Turkey, Mexico, Argentina, Hungary, Australia and Canada. While the practice provides job opportunities for people of all classes, it also boosts productivity of other agricultural crops. Honey from Nigeria will command higher demand and prices in the world market for its medicinal and antimicrobial qualities, thereby serving as a good foreign exchange commodity in international market. As part of its contribution to economic growth, apiculture is a good source of income for beekeepers, it involves the use of little land. It empowers small scale farmers and also does not damage the environment. The paper also stressed that apiculture is not only important for generating income, it also curbs against rural migration. Apiculture protects the environment and also an important non-timber forest product.

The impact of the mining sector on the development of the Severo-Enisejskiy district of the Krasnoyarsk territory: Where the effects are concentrated

The review of the extensive methodological apparatus developed for assessing the socio-economic effects of investment projects, state policy or the activities of companies is carried out. By the example of the Severo-Enisejskij district of the Krasnoyarsk region, the dynamics of the influence of gold mining industry on the socio-economic development of the territory in comparison with other municipalities of the region is considered. It is shown that in the 2000s the district was significantly different in comparison with the region by many indicators, then in the mid-2010s there was a decrease in its separation. It was caused by the dependence of its socio-economic situation on the situation in the world market, and by a decrease in the influence of the industry on the territory. The differences in the effects of activities in the district of two companies — “Polyus” and “Sovrudnik” — are analyzed. These companies are different in its scale and history of development. It is shown that the size of a company affects the hierarchical administrative level at which the maximum effects from its activities are concentrated. On the territory of the district, large effects, including attracting permanent residents to the territory, have been retained until recently by “Sovrudnik”, while “Polyus” is more evident at the regional level. Its administrative resource allows to implement infrastructure projects that are interesting to the company, but can indirectly have positive effects for the local population. However, the future development of both companies is most likely to be associated with maximizing the use of a more flexible shift mode of work, and the effects of their activities in this regard will continue to decrease.