information conservation
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Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 522 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
KAI-WEN JIANG ◽  
RICHARD T. CORLETT ◽  
BIN TIAN ◽  
BO PAN

The phylogenetic relationships between species of the genus Dumasia have been revealed by previous studies. However, some taxonomic problems still remain to be resolved. In this article, we recognize 10 species of Dumasia. We re-circumscribe D. yunnanensis Y. T. Wei & S. K. Lee, promote D. nitida var. kurziana Predeep & M. P. Nayar as a distinct species, and synonymize D. hunanica Y. K. Yang, L. H. Liu & J. K. Wu with D. hirsuta Craib. D. prazeri Predeep & M. P. Nayar is here confirmed as a newly recorded species for China, and D. zhangjiajieensis Y. K. Yang, L. H. Liu & J. K. Wu, a distinct species with winged peduncles which was overlooked in previous studies, is also reported here. We provided detailed descriptions, expanded distributions, habitat and phenological information, conservation status, and taxonomic notes for these five species. An updated key to the genus is also provided.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev

The paper investigates the understanding of quantum indistinguishability afterquantum information in comparison with the “classical” quantum mechanics based on theseparable complex Hilbert space. The two oppositions, correspondingly “distinguishability/ indistinguishability” and “classical / quantum”, available implicitly in the concept of quantumindistinguishability can be interpreted as two “missing” bits of classical information, whichare to be added after teleportation of quantum information to be restored the initial stateunambiguously. That new understanding of quantum indistinguishability is linked to thedistinction of classical (Maxwell-Boltzmann) versus quantum (either Fermi-Dirac orBose-Einstein) statistics. The latter can be generalized to classes of wave functions (“empty” qubits) and represented exhaustively in Hilbert arithmetic therefore connectible to the foundations of mathematics, more precisely, to the interrelations of propositional logic and set theory sharing the structure of Boolean algebra and two anti-isometric copies of Peano arithmetic.


Author(s):  
Luu Dam Ngoc Anh ◽  
Bui Van Huong ◽  
Do Van Truong ◽  
Luu Dam Cu ◽  
Do Van Hai ◽  
...  

Conamomum pierreanum (Gagnep.) Skornick. & A. D. Poulsen, (Zingiberaceae), a previously known species from Thailand and Cambodia, is here reported, as a new record for Vietnam. It is similar to C. rubidum and C. odorum but differs in having a present stilt root; a shorter petiole, 2-3 cm; a larger leaf blade, oblong, 30-50 × 5-8 cm, glabrous; a globose to ovoid inflorescence, arising near the base of rhizome; tomentose outer surface of bract; a 3-toothed bracteole, outer surface hairy; and a smaller filament, yellowish and glabrous. The detailed morphological description, distribution and ecology information, conservation status and a colour plate of this species are given.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-464
Author(s):  
Gu Qiang LI ◽  
Yi Wen ZHUANG

By using the Parikh-Wilczek (PW) quantum tunneling method, the Hawking radiation of black holes inmassive gravity is investigated, the emission rate of particles and the black hole entropy are calculated. It is shownthat the emission spectrum is not purely thermal, depends on the increment of the black hole entropy, consists with anaccurate unitary theory and supports the standpoint of information conservation. Unlike other modified gravities, theentropy of the massive gravity black hole unexpectedly conforms to the area law just as that of Einstein gravity blackhole.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev

The paper discusses the origin of dark matter and dark energy from the concepts of time and the totality in the final analysis. Though both, and especially the latter, seem to be rather philosophical, nonetheless they are postulated axiomatically and interpreted physically, and the corresponding philosophical transcendentalism serves heuristically. The exposition of the article means to outline the “forest for the trees”, however, in an absolutely rigorous mathematical way, which to be explicated in detail in a future paper. The “two deductions” are two successive stage of a single conclusion mentioned above. The concept of “transcendental invariance” meaning ontologically and physically interpreting the mathematical equivalence of the axiom of choice and the well-ordering “theorem” is utilized again. Then, time arrow is a corollary from that transcendental invariance, and in turn, it implies quantum information conservation as the Noether correlate of the linear “increase of time” after time arrow. Quantum information conservation implies a few fundamental corollaries such as the “conservation of energy conservation” in quantum mechanics from reasons quite different from those in classical mechanics and physics as well as the “absence of hidden variables” (versus Einstein’s conjecture) in it. However, the paper is concentrated only into the inference of another corollary from quantum information conservation, namely, dark matter and dark energy being due to entanglement, and thus and in the final analysis, to the conservation of quantum information, however observed experimentally only on the “cognitive screen” of “Mach’s principle” in Einstein’s general relativity therefore excluding any other source of gravitational field than mass and gravity. Then, if quantum information by itself would generate a certain nonzero gravitational field, it will be depicted on the same screen as certain masses and energies distributed in space-time, and most presumably, observable as those dark energy and dark matter predominating in the universe as about 96% of its energy and matter quite unexpectedly for physics and the scientific worldview nowadays. Besides on the cognitive screen of general relativity, entanglement is available necessarily on still one “cognitive screen” (namely, that of quantum mechanics), being furthermore “flat”. Most probably, that projection is confinement, a mysterious and ad hoc added interaction along with the fundamental tree ones of the Standard model being even inconsistent to them conceptually, as far as it need differ the local space from the global space being definable only as a relation between them (similar to entanglement). So, entanglement is able to link the gravity of general relativity to the confinement of the Standard model as its projections of the “cognitive screens” of those two fundamental physical theories.


Check List ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
Alicia Marques Torres ◽  
Sarah Maria Athiê de Souza ◽  
Jone Clebson Ribeiro Mendes ◽  
Wesley Patrício Freire de Sá Cordeiro ◽  
Margareth Ferreira de Sales

During a taxonomic study of Phyllanthaceae in northeastern Brazil, three new occurrences of Phyllanthus were recorded (P. augustini Baill, P. hyssopifolioides Kunth., and P. riedelianus Müll. Arg.), and diagnoses, distribution information, conservation statuses, as well as affinity comments are provided here. Additionally, the rare species Phyllanthus carvalhoi G.L. Webster was collected, which is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Bahia State, and we provide an updated morphological description, conservation status, photographs, and unpublished illustrations.


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