Taxonomic notes on the genus Dumasia (Fabaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 522 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
KAI-WEN JIANG ◽  
RICHARD T. CORLETT ◽  
BIN TIAN ◽  
BO PAN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Information Conservation

The phylogenetic relationships between species of the genus Dumasia have been revealed by previous studies. However, some taxonomic problems still remain to be resolved. In this article, we recognize 10 species of Dumasia. We re-circumscribe D. yunnanensis Y. T. Wei & S. K. Lee, promote D. nitida var. kurziana Predeep & M. P. Nayar as a distinct species, and synonymize D. hunanica Y. K. Yang, L. H. Liu & J. K. Wu with D. hirsuta Craib. D. prazeri Predeep & M. P. Nayar is here confirmed as a newly recorded species for China, and D. zhangjiajieensis Y. K. Yang, L. H. Liu & J. K. Wu, a distinct species with winged peduncles which was overlooked in previous studies, is also reported here. We provided detailed descriptions, expanded distributions, habitat and phenological information, conservation status, and taxonomic notes for these five species. An updated key to the genus is also provided.

Systematics of the Giant Sedges of Carex Sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae) in Macaronesia with Description of Two New Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-320
Author(s):  
Mónica Míguez ◽  
Pedro Jiménez-Mejías ◽  
Carmen Benítez-Benítez ◽  
Hanno Schaefer ◽  
Santiago Martín-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Divergence Time Estimates ◽  
Western Palearctic

Abstract— Populations of Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae) from the Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores and Madeira) have traditionally been treated either as a variety of the widely distributed Western Palearctic C. pendula, or directly synonymized under it. However, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that Azorean populations of C. pendula display a certain degree of differentiation from mainland plants, while the phylogenetic relationships of Madeiran populations remain unclear. Here we perform an integrated systematic study focused on the Macaronesian populations of Carex sect. Rhynchocystis to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny based on five DNA regions and conducted a multivariate morphological analysis. Divergence time estimates show that the Macaronesian populations can be traced back to a Plio-Pleistocene origin. Our results suggest that these island populations of C. pendula are better treated as two distinct species within Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (i.e. C. leviosa from the Azores and C. sequeirae from Madeira). We provide morphological characters to differentiate the new species from C. pendula s. s., detailed descriptions of the three taxa, a revised key for the entire section, as well as detailed analytical drawings of the two newly described species. We also perform a critical evaluation of the taxonomic diversity of Carex in the Azores and Madeira. Finally, we informally assessed the conservation status of the new species at a global scale under IUCN categories and criteria, resulting in the proposal of the categories Least Concern for C. leviosa and Critically Endangered for C. sequeirae.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial phylogeography of baboons (Papiospp.) – Indication for introgressive hybridization?

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Zinner ◽  
Linn F Groeneveld ◽  
Christina Keller ◽  
Christian Roos
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
Hamadryas Baboons ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
Initial Separation ◽  
Molecular Studies

Abstract Background Baboons of the genus Papio are distributed over wide ranges of Africa and even colonized parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Traditionally, five phenotypically distinct species are recognized, but recent molecular studies were not able to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, these studies revealed para- and polyphyletic (hereafter paraphyletic) mitochondrial clades for baboons from eastern Africa, and it was hypothesized that introgressive hybridization might have contributed substantially to their evolutionary history. To further elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among baboons, we extended earlier studies by analysing the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the 'Brown region' from 67 specimens collected at 53 sites, which represent all species and which cover most of the baboons' range. Results Based on phylogenetic tree reconstructions seven well supported major haplogroups were detected, which reflect geographic populations and discordance between mitochondrial phylogeny and baboon morphology. Our divergence age estimates indicate an initial separation into southern and northern baboon clades 2.09 (1.54–2.71) million years ago (mya). We found deep divergences between haplogroups within several species (~2 mya, northern and southern yellow baboons, western and eastern olive baboons and northern and southern chacma baboons), but also recent divergence ages among species (< 0.7 mya, yellow, olive and hamadryas baboons in eastern Africa). Conclusion Our study confirms earlier findings for eastern Africa, but shows that baboon species from other parts of the continent are also mitochondrially paraphyletic. The phylogenetic patterns suggest a complex evolutionary history with multiple phases of isolation and reconnection of populations. Most likely all these biogeographic events were triggered by multiple cycles of expansion and retreat of savannah biomes during Pleistocene glacial and inter-glacial periods. During contact phases of populations reticulate events (i.e. introgressive hybridization) were highly likely, similar to ongoing hybridization, which is observed between East African baboon populations. Defining the extent of the introgressive hybridization will require further molecular studies that incorporate additional sampling sites and nuclear loci.

A refined circumscription of Notobubon striatum and the resurrection of Dregea collina Ecklon & Zeyher (Apiaceae, Apioideae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY R. MAGEE ◽  
ODETTE E. CURTIS ◽  
B-E. VAN WYK
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Extensive Field

Extensive field surveys of the Critically Endangered Central and Eastern Rûens Shale Renosterveld have uncovered that Notobubon striatum, as currently circumscribed, comprises two distinct species. Upon careful examination of the type material it has become clear that names exist for both species. The type specimen of N. striatum clearly matches the lesser known species, a large shrub, ca. 1 m. tall, with a powerful anise-scent and which is restricted to the banks of seasonal rivers and watercourses in the Central and Eastern Rûens Shale Renosterveld. The second and better known entity, with a wider distribution, corresponds to the type material of Dregea collina Ecklon & Zeyher. As such, a new combination, Notobubon collinum (Ecklon & Zeyher) Magee, is here made to accommodate this taxon, restricted to dry quartz and silcrete patches or outcrops in Eastern Rûens Shale Renosterveld. In their revised circumscriptions N. striatum and N. collinum are readily distinguished by habit, scent, leaf size and division, as well as leaf lobe shape and sepal size. Comprehensive descriptions of both species are provided, together with notes on their ecology and conservation status, and the existing key to the species of Notobubon updated. This brings the number of recognised species in the genus to thirteen.

Genetic divergence and geographic diversification in Nautilus

Paleobiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Wray ◽  
Neil H. Landman ◽  
W. Bruce Saunders ◽  
James Bonacum
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Diversification ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Systematic Analysis

Despite exhaustive investigation of present-day Nautilus, the phylogenetic relationships of the five or six recognized species within this genus remain unclear. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data plus a suite of morphological characters are used to investigate phylogenetic relationships. Systematic analysis of the morphological variation fails to characterize described species as independent lineages. However, DNA sequence analysis indicates that there are three geographically distinct clades consisting of western Pacific, eastern Australian/Papua-New Guinean, and western Australian/Indonesian forms. The morphologically and genetically distinct species Nautilus scrobiculatus falls outside the three geographically recognized assemblages. Members of the genus Nautilus also exhibit low levels of sequence divergence. All these data suggest that Nautilus is currently undergoing diversification, which may have begun only several million years ago. These data also suggest that some of the morphological features used to define Nautilus species may simply represent fixed variations in isolated populations within the same species.

ADAPTATIONS OF GALL WASPS OF THE GENUS DIPLOLEPIS (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE) AND THE ROLE OF GALL ANATOMY IN CYNIPID SYSTEMATICS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (S165) ◽  
pp. 139-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
Structural Differences

AbstractAdaptations and attributes of gall-inducing cynipid wasps are reviewed to emphasize that differences in life cycles and anatomical features of their galls are just as useful for systematic purposes as are structural differences in the adult insects themselves. The extent to which cynipid wasps have specialized is illustrated by the genus Diplolepis, all species of which are restricted to native and introduced roses and induce structurally distinct galls. Various aspects of Diplolepis biology including life cycles, host specificity, and gall development and anatomy are reviewed. The biologies of two species of Diplolepis that commonly co-exist in the same habitat in central Ontario are then examined in detail. Diplolepis polita (Ashmead) induces a single-chambered gall on the leaves of Rosa acicularis Lindl. whereas Diplolepis spinosa (Ashmead) induces a multi-chambered gall on the stems of Rosa blanda Ait. Differences in life cycles, distribution, host and organ specificity, oviposition, gall initiation and development, along with differences in the communities of parasitoids and inquilines attracted to the galls, confirm the existence of distinct species and allow some speculation on their ecological and phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-470
Author(s):  
Karan Bisht ◽  
Sonali Garg ◽  
A. N. D. Akalabya Sarmah ◽  
Saibal Sengupta ◽  
S. D. Biju
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Material ◽  
First Time ◽  
Northern Species

We rediscovered two species of toads, Bufo stomaticus peninsularis and Bufo brevirostris, which were described from Peninsular India 84 and 101 years ago, respectively, but have not been reported since. Because the name-bearing types of both species are either damaged or lost, we provide detailed redescriptions, morphological comparisons, and insights into phylogenetic relationships with closely related members of the genus Duttaphrynus sensu lato, based on new material from the type locality of each species. We clarify and validate the identity of D. brevirostris, which was rediscovered from multiple localities in the Malenadu and adjoining coastal regions of Karnataka. We also demonstrate that Bufo stomaticus peninsularis, which was considered a synonym of Duttaphrynus scaber, is a distinct species. Bufo stomaticus peninsularis differs from Duttaphrynus scaber morphologically and genetically, and is more closely related to members of the Duttaphrynus stomaticus group. We also clarify the identity of the namesake species of the Duttaphrynus stomaticus group, which is reported widely in India and neighbouring countries, but lacks sufficient taxonomic information due to its brief original description and reportedly untraceable type material. We located and studied the complete syntype series of D. stomaticus, probably for the first time in over a century, and we report on the status of available specimens, provide detailed description of a potential type, compare it to related species, and clarify the species’ geographical range. Our molecular analyses suggest that D. stomaticus is minimally divergent from, and possibly conspecific with, D. olivaceus. Our analyses also clarify its relationship to the closely-related D. peninsulariscomb. nov., with which it was previously confused. Finally, our study provides other insights into the phylogenetic relationships and genetic differentiation among various species of Duttaphrynus toads.

scholarly journals Conservation status and vocal and morphological description of the Grand Comoro Scops Owl Otus pauliani Benson 1960

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Herremans ◽  
M. Louette ◽  
J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Acridotheres Tristis ◽  
Indian Myna

SummaryThe Grand Comoro Scops Owl Otus pauliani, confined to forest on Mount Karthala on Grand Comoro, Indian Ocean, is a distinct species based on the evidence of its plumage and voice. In November 1989 studies of territorial calling birds at night revealed its presence between 1,000 and 1,900 m on the north, west and south flanks of the volcano, on which there exists some 10,000 ha of suitable habitat. As territory sizes may be only 5 ha, the population could well be over 1,000 pairs but, although this is encouraging, there remains a long-term threat from forest loss through habitat fragmentation (fires, logging) and the spread of the Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis.

Taxonomic notes on Puccinellia teyberi (Poaceae), a critical species of Croatian flora

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Bogdanović ◽  
Salvatore Brullo ◽  
Antun Alegro ◽  
Ivana Rešetnik ◽  
Božena Mitić
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Apomictic Species ◽  
First Time

AbstractPuccinellia teyberi Hayek (Poaceae) is a critical species of the Croatian flora, described for the first time as Atropis rupestris Teyber from two small islets of central Adriatic Sea. Nomenclature, lectotypification, morphology, karyology, leaf anatomy, palynology, ecology and conservation status of this taxon are examined. According to these data, it must be treated as a distinct species, taxonomically related to P. convoluta and P. festuciformis. Besides, it represents a neoendemic apomictic species, confined to rocky costal places and having a punctiform distribution.

Synopsis and lectotypification of Distimake rhyncorhiza (Dalzell) Simões & Staples (Convolvulaceae): a little known species from the Western Ghats (India)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 336 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
ANA RITA SIMÕES ◽  
SUSHANT MORE
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Western India ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Western Ghats

We present a synopsis of a rare and little-known species of Distimake from Western India: a complete morphological description based on recent collections is provided, and nomenclature and typification issues are resolved. The fruit and seeds are described for the first time. With new morphological evidence and a full characterization of D. rhyncorhiza, the present study corroborates its placement in Distimake and supports its identity as a distinct species. The conservation status is assessed as Endangered but its distribution range is not yet fully documented and this assessment might be reviewed if more collections are made.

Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2301 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA D. MARSHALL ◽  
LEONARD J. V. COMPAGNO ◽  
MICHAEL B. BENNETT
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Manta Alfredi ◽  
Disc Width ◽  
Manta Birostris ◽  
Using Data

The taxonomic history of the genus Manta has been questionable and convoluted, with Manta having one of the most extensive generic and species synonymies of any living genus of cartilaginous fish. Having previously been considered a monotypic genus with a single recognized species, Manta birostris (Walbaum 1792), new evidence, in the form of morphological and meristic data, confirm that two visually distinct species occur, both with wide ranging distributions through many of the world’s oceans. Manta birostris stands as the most widely distributed member of the genus, while Manta alfredi (Krefft 1868), resurrected herein, represents a smaller, more tropical species. Separation of the two species is based on morphometric measurements and external characters including colouration, dentition, denticle and spine morphology, as well as size at maturity and maximum disc width. The two species of Manta are sympatric in some locations and allopatric in other regions. A visual key was constructed which highlights the conspicuous, diagnostic features of the two species using data collected throughout their respective geographical ranges. A third, putative species, referred to here as Manta sp. cf. birostris, in the Atlantic may be distinct from M. birostris, but further examination of specimens is necessary to clarify the taxonomic status of this variant manta ray. The results of this study will aid in the differentiation of members of this genus both in the field and in preserved specimens. The splitting of this long-standing monospecific genus will help to highlight the specific threats facing the different species of Manta (e.g. targeted fishing, bycatch fisheries, boat strikes and habitat degradation) and will ultimately assist in the correct assessment of their respective worldwide conservation status.

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