Caracterização do perfil fitoquímico das flores de Turnera ulmifolia L. (Chanana)

A chanana (Turnera ulmifolia L.) é uma planta herbácea, nativa da América tropical, África, Índia e Sudeste da Ásia, com ampla distribuição geográfica nas regiões do nordeste do Brasil. A planta é bastante utilizada pela medicina popular, sendo suas flores usadas para o tratamento de lesões da pele e processos inflamatórios. Em vista da escassez de estudos relacionados à composição fitoquímica de suas flores, este estudo experimental teve como objetivo analisar o perfil fitoquímico das flores de T. ulmifolia, através de métodos qualitativos de detecção fitoquímica. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio da análise de dois extratos, um aquoso (EAFC) e outro hexânico (EHFC), aplicando-se a maceração como método de extração. Os resultados demonstraram que as flores da chanana possuem uma variedade de metabólitos secundários, como alcalóides, esteróides, triterpenóides, antocianidinas, chalconas, cumarinas, flavonóides e taninos. Entre os extratos analisados, o EAFC mostrou ser mais rico em compostos fitoquímicos em comparação ao EHFC. O estudo demostrou que as flores são ricas em metabolitos secundários relevantes, os quais podem estar diretamente relacionados às suas propriedades medicinais descritas pelo uso popular. Além disso, esta pesquisa evidenciou a presença de compostos ainda não detectados em estudos relacionados à composição química da espécie, como triterpenos, antocianidinas e chalconas.

First record of Turnera ulmifolia L. (Turneraceae) as introduced in Brazil

The first record of Turnera ulmifolia (Turneraceae) for Brazil is presented here. The species occurs mainly in SE Mexico, Central America and Caribbean islands, with only one record from South America. It can be recognized by ovoid and foliaceous prophylls, with serrate margins and laciniate appendages and/or extrafloral nectaries, showy flowers with yellow petals, without basal spot. Taxonomic comments, a distribution map and photographs of the species are provided.

Perbandingan Kadar Gula Nektar dan Kadar Madu yang Dihasilkan Oleh Lebah (Apis mellifera) di Pusat Perlebahan Kota Batu

Bees (Apis mellifera) from Europe and this bee has good adaptability to various types of climate and has the most production. This study aims to determine the difference between the concentrations of sugar nectar and the sugar of honey that was produced by bees in the Honey bees center of Batu city. Nectar producing from flowers are found, each type of flowers were measured the sugar using a refractmeter Brix 58 – 90 % at different times, namely: morning and afternoon. There are 3 types of flowes found, namely eight flowers (Turnera ulmifolia), Paitan flowers (Tithonia diversifolia), and kenikir (Cosmos sulphureus). The parameters tested were the sugar content of honey that was produced by Apis mellifera. The data obtained was analyzed using the Anova (Analysis of Variance) test. The results of the analysis showed that the F test found no difference in the sugar concentrationt of nectar for each flower and honey sugar concentration at P value of 0.071. The average yield of nectar sugar from the three types of flowers (Kenikir, Paitan, and eight), respectively 38.0, 39.4, and 39.7, while the average yield of honey sugar levels respectively 37.9, 36.4, 37.6 Keywords: Sugar, Nectar, Honey, bee (Apis mellifera) ABSTRAK Lebah ( Apis mellifera ) berasal dari Eropa dan lebah ini memiliki daya adaptasi yang baik terhadap berbagai jenis iklim serta memiliki tingkat prooduksi madu yang paling banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara kadar gula nektar dengan kadar gula madu yang dihasilkan oleh lebah Apis mellifera di pusat perlebahan kota Batu. Bunga penghasil nektar yang ditemukan, setiap jenis bunga diukur kadar gulanya menggunakan refraktometer Brix 58 – 90 % pada waktu yang berbeda yaitu : pagi dan siang. Terdapat 3 jenis bunga yang ditemukan yaitu bunga pukul delapan (Turnera ulmifolia), bunga paitan (Tithonia diversifolia), dan bunga kenikir (Cosmos sulphureus). Adapun parameter yang diuji adalah kadar gula nektar dengan kadar gula madu yang dihasilkan Apis mellifera. Data yang diperoleh di analisis menggunakan uji F – Anova (Analysis of Variance). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada uji F ditemukan tidak adanya perbedaan kadar gula nektar masing – masing bunga dengan kadar gula madu dengan nilai P 0,071. Hasil rata – rata kadar gula nektar dari ketiga jenis bunga (Kenikir, Paitan dan Pukul Delapan) masing – masing 38.0 , 39.4 , dan 39.7. Sedangkan hasil rata – rata kadar gula madu masing – masing 37.9 , 36.4 , dan 37.6 . Kata kunci: Kandungan gula, Nektar, Madu, lebah (Apis mellifera)

Improved micropropagation and foliar micromorphological studies in Turnera ulmifolia L. – An important medicinal plant

The present study reports an efficient in vitro propagation system for Turnera ulmifolia using nodal segments as explants. Turnera ulmifolia (Passifloraceae) is an important garden plant with multipotent medicinal values. Effective shoot proliferation was achieved on agar gelled MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). The maximum number of shoots (8.3 ± 0.57) per initial explant was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 8.88 mM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.54 mM of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest number of shoots (59.5 ± 2.10) proliferated on semi-solid MS medium (with agar) augmented with 2.22 mM of BAP and 2.32 mM of kinetin (Kin) along with 0.54 mM of NAA. Longer (4-5 cm) and healthy shoots were rooted (12.0 ± 0.10 roots per shoot) on half-strength MS medium fortified with 9.84 mM of indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The in vitro regenerated plantlets were hardened in the greenhouse and transferred to the field. Significant developmental changes were observed in the foliar micromorphology of in vitro raised plantlets when these were transferred to the field. The stomatal index was gradually reduced (26.72 to 21.25) in the leaves from in vitro to field environments. But, vein-islets and veinlet terminations (13.4 and 7.6) were increased (39.7 and 18.4) respectively from in vitro to in vivo grown plants. Simple, unicellular, less frequent and underdeveloped trichomes were observed with the leaves of in vitro plants but fully developed trichomes recorded in the field transferred plants. The study could help in understanding the response and adaptation of tissue culture raised plantlets towards changed environmental conditions.

Registro de plantas hospedeiras de Gargaphia lunulata (Mayr) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) em área rural no estado do Tocantins

Resumo. A partir de coletas realizadas em área rural no município de Paraíso do Tocantins, TO, foram obtidos exemplares do percevejo-de-renda Gargaphia lunulata (Mayr). Os insetos estavam ocasionando danos em cultivos comerciais de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Fabales: Fabaceae), quiabo [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] (Malvales: Malvaceae), maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims) (Malpighiales: Passifloraceae) e também em plantas daninhas conhecidas como flor-do-guarujá (Turnera ulmifolia L.) (Malpighiales: Turneraceae) e fedegoso [Senna alata (L.) Roxb.] (Fabales: Fabaceae). A ocorrência de G. lunulata em feijão, quiabo, flor-do-guarujá e fedegoso é registrada pela primeira vez no Estado, sendo os percevejos-de-renda encontrados com maior densidade populacional em flor-do-guarujá, maracujá e feijão.Record of host plants of Gargaphia lunulata (Mayr) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in rural area in the state of Tocantins, BrazilAbstract. From the samples made in rural areas in the municipality of Paraíso do Tocantins, Tocantins state, Brazil, specimens of the lace bug Gargaphia lunulata (Mayr) were obtained. The insects were causing damage to commercial of bean (Fabales: Fabaceae), okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] (Malvales: Malvaceae), passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) (Malpighiales: Passifloraceae) (Turnera ulmifolia L.) (Malpighiales:Turneraceae) and fedegoso [Senna alata (L.) Roxb.] (Fabales: Fabaceae). The occurrence of G. lunulata in cowpea, okra, “guarujá flower” and “fedegoso” is recorded for the first time in the state, with the lace bugs found with higher population density in “guarujá” flower, passion fruit and bean.