Utility DERMS for Active Management of Emerging Distribution Grids with High Penetration of Renewable DERs

Operational and planning challenges caused by ever-increasing integration of electronically coupled renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) have become a reality all over the globe. These challenges range from technical constraint violations to malfunctional setting and coordination of the protective equipment and inaccurate operational planning. Moreover, to enable the preconditions for the integration of high penetration of renewable DERs, utilities are faced with potentially huge investment requirements in strengthening the grid assets. However, recent advances in specialized software solutions for integration and active management of high penetration of DERs could turn these challenges into operational and monetary benefits. Hence, if planned, managed, and operated in an optimal way, the high penetration of DERs could be a valuable resource for increasing the efficiency of the overall management of distribution grids. Utility distributed energy resource management systems (utility DERMSs) aim to provide all of these capabilities integrated into a single software solution. In this paper, a utility DERMS concept is introduced, and the capabilities of state-of-the-art utility DERMS solutions for helping the key stakeholders to pave the way towards stable, optimal, and secure emerging distribution systems with high penetration of electronically coupled renewable DERs are explored.

A Garland of Freshly Grown Flowers

Chapter 4 challenges the common view that Philip of Thessalonica was a second-rate editor in comparison to Meleager and illustrates, on the basis of select examples, the intricacy of his design. The alphabetical organization of his Garland, long thought to be purely mechanical, is shown to be a technical constraint that the author imposed upon himself so as to outdo the achievements of his predecessor: Within this external framework, Philip employed subtler modes of arrangement similar to Meleager’s editorial technique: juxtaposition of model and variation; interweaving of epigrams anchored in thematic, structural, verbal, or intertextual links; epigrammatic pairs or series on the same topic distributed across the collection; and clusters on key themes within individual letter groups.

Karakteristik Petani dan Pemasaran Gula Aren di Banten

<strong>English</strong><br />The Arenga pinnata palm trees do not only produce sap but also multipurpose products, such as edible fruits, building materials, fibers, and wax. Palm sugar agribusiness development copes with both technical and non technical constraint, e.g. low-skilled farmers, low yield, and less value added. To improve farmer’s capacity there are some steps to take, namely: (a) technical and management training, (b) provision of improved seed and processing unit equipments, (c) institutional and marketing empowerment, and (d) implementing better aren farming system. Furthermore, to increase farmer’s bargaining position it is essential to strengthen farmers’ groups through collective marketing system with farmers’ groups association, as well as farmers’ skill enhancement.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Aren, Arenga pinnata merupakan tanaman serbaguna yang tidak hanya menghasilkan nira tetapi juga buah aren, bahan bangunan, ijuk dan sapu. Pengembangan agribisnis gula aren di Banten masih menghadapi hambatan teknis dan non teknis, seperti rendahnya keterampilan petani, rendahnya hasil produksi dan nilai tambah. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan langkah-langkah operasional yaitu : (a) pelatihan teknis dan manajemen, (b) penyediaan bibit, sarana dan prasarana pengolahan, (c) penguatan kelembagaan dan pemasaran, dan (d) penerapan budidaya aren secara sistematis. Untuk meningkatkan posisi tawar petani dapat ditempuh melalui pemberdayaan kelompok tani aren dengan mewujudkan sistem pemasaran secara kolektif dengan koperasi atau Gabungan Kelompok tani (Gapoktan), disertai dengan peningkatan keterampilan petani.

An inversion technique to retrieve the source of a tracer with an application to synthetic satellite measurements

An increasing number of satellites are being launched to observe the atmospheric concentrations of a variety of trace species. They cover a wide area at once and are expected to provide more extensive information than the rare ground-based concentration measurements. The paper introduces an adjoint technique to retrieve the emissions based on a recent concept of renormalization. This technique is used with a set of synthetic column-averaged measurements for an idealized satellite corresponding to a prescribed ground-level source. The Indian region is considered with two contrast meteorological conditions in the months of January and July, corresponding to winter and monsoon season. Since it is not feasible to handle a large volume of satellite data in the inversion due to the time involved in the computation of the matrices, a preprocessing is suggested to extract the manageable data set as a representative of the whole data. Considering a limited number of observations, it is shown that the emissions are underestimated without and with the renormalization procedure. The degree of underestimation is relatively more with non-renormalized estimates. The non-renormalized estimate is degraded further by a refined resolution of the model, whereas the renormalized estimate is not altered appreciably. The preprocessing based on aggregation of data is found to retrieve the prescribed emissions up to 75% in the month of January and 90% in the month of July. The relatively computationally expensive renormalization may be avoided except in the case of partial visibility of the area of interest, due to cloud cover or a technical constraint. A simple criterion for the optimum design of a monitoring network is suggested.

Molecular Diagnosis of Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus Infection of Peanut and Other Field and Greenhouse Crops

Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) is a major disease constraint to peanut, tomato, pepper, and tobacco production in Georgia. Rapid molecular diagnosis of TSWV infection in peanut and its molecular studies were severely hampered by the lack of practical and rapid procedures for the extraction and amplification of the genomic nucleic acid. To circumvent this technical constraint, we adapted an immunocapture-procedure (ICP) for enriching the peanut tissue extracts for TSWV, and combined the ICP with a single-buffer, one-tube reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to achieve rapid and reliable amplification of TSWV sequences from peanut. Both leaf and root tissue of peanut provided PCR-quality templates. Immunocapture, RT, and PCR were done in the same tube, allowing higher throughput. The technique was applicable to a wide range of TSWV-susceptible crops such as tomato, pepper, tobacco, gloxinia, and impatiens. Primers derived from the nucleocapsid protein gene as well as from the large RNA of the viral genome were able to amplify the target sequences in a highly specific and reproducible manner. This approach facilitated rapid molecular typing of natural populations of TSWV in Georgia.