Detecting the signature and transformations of water from coastal permafrost thaw in the Beaufort Sea

<p>The Canadian Beaufort Sea is experiencing coastal erosion at unprecedent rates due to waves impacts and permafrost thaw. Water derived from permafrost thaw has profound impacts on coastal hydrogeology and carbon dynamics. The quality and volume of permafrost water (as surficial and groundwater) discharging to the ocean controls on coastal water chemistry and turbidity. These disturbances alter coastal ecosystems and endanger species with ecological, cultural, and economic value. Robust estimates of these solute and solid inputs are needed on a site-specific scale to obtain accurate regional and global estimations. However, the determination of appropriate endmembers to estimate these fluxes is not straightforward; and yet, little is known about the chemical composition and reactivity of carbon, nutrients and metals of water in coastal permafrost settings. The main objective here is to trace permafrost-derived solutes and study their transport and transformation to coastal water. Several coastal permafrost slumps were visited last summer in the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula region. Melting-ice, surficial and groundwater were collected to systematically measure short-live isotopes (Rn-222, Ra-223, Ra-224), the stable isotopes of water (δ<sup>18</sup>O, δD), dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC), chromophoric component of the organic matter (CDOM), total and non-carbonate alkalinity. In front of these systems, surface seawater samples were collected to 1 to 2 km from the shore to trace these chemical inputs to the coastal ocean. Preliminary results will be presented with a specific focus on the geochemical signature of waters at the nearshore. This project is a part of the WP4 Nunataryuk Program, in collaboration with Natural Resources Canada</p>

Responses of Utasi (Gongronema latifolium) to NPK 15:15:15 Fertilizer Rates in a Utisol South-South Nigeria

Gongronema latifolium (Benth) called Utasi by Igbos and Arokeke by Yorubas belongs to Ascepiadaceae family. It is an herbaceous climbing plant found in the tropical region. The leaves are used for food, culinary, medicinal and other domestic purposes. The plant is found among the wild and is not cultivated in regular farms. It is one of the endanger species that stands the risk of been extinct. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine the responses of Gongronema latifolium to seven rates of NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer during 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm, Agronomy Department, Cross River University of Technology Obubra, Cross River State, Nigeria. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Treatments were seven rates; 0kg/ha, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300kg/ha of NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer replicated four times. Results showed that application of 300kg/ha of NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer gave a higher number of leaves, branches per plant and tallest plants than the other rates of NPK fertilizer. The highest leaf yields in hectares were obtained in plots treated with 200kg/ha in 2014 and 2015 seasons respectively.Based on these findings, farmers are advice to domesticate and cultivate Gongronema latifolium with the application of 200kg/ha NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer for optimum growth and leaf yield.

KEBIJAKAN MORATORIUM IKAN NAPOLEON (Cheilinus ndulatus Rüppell 1835)

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan masukan bagi kebijakan perlindungan jenis ikan rawan punah, seperti ikan Napoleon. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam mempertimbangkan inisiatif moratorium penangkapan ikan tersebut. Metode penulisan menggunakan analisis kebijakan publik. Pertimbangan moratorium antara lain adalah bahwa perikanan Napoleon mengalami krisis karena lebih kapasitas usaha, lebih tangkap dan cara penangkapannya yang merusak, sementara kebijakan pengelolaan ikan Napoleon tidak kondusif dari sisi lingkungan hidup, hukum dan penegakan hukum. Lebih jauh statusnya sudah digolongkan rawan punah oleh UNEP dan dibutuhkan pengelolaan yang lebih berhati-hati. Ketidak-beruntungannya adalah telah terjadi penangkapan ilegal dan tidak terdata dalam sistem transpotasinya. Kuota penangkapan ikan Napoleon hanya mengatur perdagangan global, tetapi peraturan pengelolaan yang bersifat domestik membutuhkan aturan yang lebih serius untukmenyelamatkan ikan Napoleon dari kepunahan. Inisiatif perlindungan jenis satwa rawan punah memiliki dasar hukum hingga disarankan untuk menetapkan moratorium berjangka. Sosialisasi merupakan langkah penting untuk mendapatkan penerimaan masyarakat atas moratorium. Monitoring dan evaluasi merupakan bagian siklus dari moratorium untuk melihat kemajuan dan perbaikan manajemen.This paper is aime to make a sinthesis of policy of endangered species protection, such as Hump Head Wrasse (HHW). This will be usefull for the Ministry for Marine and Fishery to decide a moratorium inisiative for the fish. A method used is the publicpolicy analysis. Some of judgements for making moratorium are that HHW fisheries were under crisis condition due to over capacity, over fishing and destructive fishing, while Napoleon fishery management was being worse for circumstances of living environment, law and law enforcement. Furthermore, HHW was listed in endanger species by UNEP and needed to carefully management. Unfortunatelly, it was happened the Illegal, Unregulated and Unmonitored (IUU) fishing. Napoleon Fishing quota was only for global market regulation; however, domestically management regulation was needed a serious protocol to keep Napoleon save from losses. More protective manner for endanger wilds have the regulation willing to use in decision making for moratorium. Moratorium translations for publics are potential suggestion to get social acceptances and understanding. Monitoring and evaluation include in moratorium cyclus to identity progress and improve management.