An Encounter With the Other: A Thematic and Content Analysis of DMT Experiences From a Naturalistic Field Study

Introduction:N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous serotonergic psychedelic capable of producing radical shifts in conscious experience. Increasing trends in its use, as well as new trials administering DMT to patients, indicate the growing importance of a thorough elucidation of the qualitative content, over and above structure, which the drug occasions. This is particularly in light of the hyper-real, otherworldly, and often ontologically challenging yet potentially transformative, nature of the experience, not least encounters with apparently non-self social agents. Laboratory studies have been limited by clinical setting and lacking qualitative analyses of experiential content, while online surveys’ limitations lie in retrospective design, uncontrolled use, and both of which not guaranteeing ‘breakthrough’ experiences, i.e., producing very strong psychoactive effects.Methods: We report on the first naturalistic field study of DMT use including its qualitative analysis. Screened, healthy, anonymised and experienced DMT users were observed during their non-clinical use of the drug at home (40–75 mg inhaled). In-depth semi-structured interviews (inspired by the micro-phenomenological technique) were employed immediately after their experience. This paper reports on the thematic analysis of one major domain of the breakthrough experiences elicited, the ‘other’. Thirty-six post-DMT experience interviews with mostly Caucasian (83%) males (eight female) of average 37 years were predominantly inductively coded.Results: Invariably, profound and highly intense experiences occurred. The first overarching category comprised the encounter with other ‘beings’ (94% of reports), encompassing super-ordinate themes including the entities’ role, appearance, demeanour, communication and interaction; while the second overarching category comprised experiences of emerging into other ‘worlds’ (100% of reports), encompassing super-ordinate themes of the scene, the contents and quality of the immersive spaces. Many further mid-level themes and subthemes also illuminate the rich content of the DMT experience.Discussion: The present study provides a systematic and in-depth analysis of the nuanced content of the otherworldly encounter within the breakthrough DMT experience, as well as elaborating on the resonances both with previous DMT studies focusing on entity encounters and other types of extraordinary experiences entailing such encounters. These include the alien abduction, folkloric, shamanic and near-death experience. Putative neural mechanisms of these features of the DMT experience and its promise as a psychotherapeutic agent are discussed in light of such findings.

Poems in Prose by I.S. Turgenev: the Cycle’s Title as a Historical Literary Issue

The article deals with the I.S. Turgenevs last cycle Poems in prose which title has been changed several times throughout his work on it. The cycle put together the main aspects of writers previous creative works which led to the continuous search for the most suitable title to fully express authors intentions: from the original Posthuma which is focused on the life after death experience to the last Poems in prose which additionally underlines the uniqueness of the form used for Turgenevs last creative work. The study reveals the main theories on the cycles titles and the reasons behind their changes as well as suggests the own vision of the evolution of concepts after death and senile which are seemed to be bound in writers world view. The sequential analysis of the existing cycles titles undertaken in the current research finds the logic of Turgenevs title transformations where the fear of death is gradually replaced by the thoughts of future new life which will be continued beyond the Earth life. The significance of the research lies in the absence of the unified approach to the naming and understanding of the Turgenevs last cycle while the title of the book was considered to change the works perception even by Turgenevs contemporaries. The scientific novelty of the work is added by using the authors French edition of Poems in prose which up until now hasnt been studied properly. It allows to expand the material of the research and look thoroughly into Turgenevs strategy of naming his final cycle which was preserved for the foreign publication as well.

Impact of Neonatal Outcome on Language Used to Describe Periviable Birth Experience

Motivation and Purpose: The experience of giving birth to a periviable neonate between 22-25 weeks gestation varies greatly among women depending on numerous factors. Studying periviable narrative experiences will allow us to isolate those factors that create a more positive experience, even in the instance of a negative neonatal outcome (infant death). Results may be used to advise future caregiving approaches so they may be tailored to the needs of women in these situations. This study aimed to qualitatively assess the extent of the relationship between neonatal outcome and the language used by women and their important others (IOs) to describe periviable birth experience three months postpartum. Method: A semi-structured interview guide was used to investigate participants’ perceptions of their delivery experience and subsequent NICU experience, if applicable, at three months postpartum. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded for themes by three investigators. Conventional content analysis was conducted using NVivo 12. Results: Twenty-three women and twelve IOs were recruited at two hospitals between 2016 and 2018. Women and IOs who experienced infant death negatively described their delivery experience if they also negatively described healthcare team (HCT) interactions, including providers’ communication, clinical judgement, and personality traits. Specifically, participants with overall negative birth experiences described not understanding various clinical decisions and felt uninformed on topics pertinent to their or their infant’s care. Alternatively, women and IOs who experienced infant death who positively described their delivery experience also positively described NICU care (including HCT interactions) and infant death experience (comfort care). These results highlight the impact of HCT interactions and communication on a patient’s perception of delivery despite a negative neonatal outcome. Conclusion: These findings could suggest that improvements in communication and information dissemination from the HCT may have the ability to improve a patient’s periviable birth experience despite a negative neonatal outcome.

Impact of Neonatal Outcome on Language Used to Describe Periviable Birth Experience

Motivation and Purpose: The experience of giving birth to a periviable neonate between 22-25 weeks gestation varies greatly among women depending on numerous factors. Studying periviable narrative experiences will allow us to isolate those factors that create a more positive experience, even in the instance of a negative neonatal outcome (infant death). Results may be used to advise future caregiving approaches so they may be tailored to the needs of women in these situations. This study aimed to qualitatively assess the extent of the relationship between neonatal outcome and the language used by women and their important others (IOs) to describe periviable birth experience three months postpartum. Method: A semi-structured interview guide was used to investigate participants’ perceptions of their delivery experience and subsequent NICU experience, if applicable, at three months postpartum. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded for themes by three investigators. Conventional content analysis was conducted using NVivo 12. Results: Twenty-three women and twelve IOs were recruited at two hospitals between 2016 and 2018. Women and IOs who experienced infant death negatively described their delivery experience if they also negatively described healthcare team (HCT) interactions, including providers’ communication, clinical judgement, and personality traits. Specifically, participants with overall negative birth experiences described not understanding various clinical decisions and felt uninformed on topics pertinent to their or their infant’s care. Alternatively, women and IOs who experienced infant death who positively described their delivery experience also positively described NICU care (including HCT interactions) and infant death experience (comfort care). These results highlight the impact of HCT interactions and communication on a patient’s perception of delivery despite a negative neonatal outcome. Conclusion: These findings could suggest that improvements in communication and information dissemination from the HCT may have the ability to improve a patient’s periviable birth experience despite a negative neonatal outcome.

Nurse's Experience Program In Implementing Intravenal Chemotherapy Treatment In Cancer Patients: A Phenomenology Study

Background: Cancer or malignant tumor is uncontrolled growth of cells or tissue and spreads from abnormal cells, if the spread is uncontrolled it can cause death. Experience is a very dynamic, complex and subjective phenomenon. One of the treatments for cancer patients is chemotherapy.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nurses in implementing intravenous chemotherapy treatment programs in cancer patients.Methods: This study uses a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach model to understand one's life experience and existing perceptions. The sampling technique used snow ball sampling. In this study, researchers will perform a snow ball sampling technique of participants who are at the Dr. Soedarso General Hospital. A total of ten nurses who work in the chemotherapy room participated.Result: The perception of nurses in providing intravenous chemotherapy services as a form of carrying out their assigned duties and responsibilities apart from curiosity to carry out chemotherapy and their empathy for patients. Support from nurses in providing intravenous chemotherapy services is obtained from the family even though they are reminded to always be careful (protected), from the hospital, especially the improvement of infrastructure and related policies as well as support from colleagues and doctors. Obstacles for nurses in providing intravenous chemotherapy services arise from the capacity of nurses and specialists who are less trained, the inadequate reporting system between nurses during service changes including infrastructure such as PPE, room size and medicine.Conclusion: Recommendations This study is expected to be used as a reference for future researchers related to the topic of nurse experiences that are still related to chemotherapy clients in cancer