Using Local Nigella Sativa Oil to Relief Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms

Background: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common problem in women. Nigella sativa has been suggested for its anti-inflammation and analgesic effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa oil on PMS. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 124 female students within the age range of 18-25 years living in the dormitories of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group (IG) rubbed 1-2 drops of Nigella sativa oil on their fontanels at night for sev­en days before their three menstrual cycles. The placebo group (PG) rubbed placebo in the same way. After three cycles, pain severity was measured by the visual analog scale. Data analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test and analysis of covariance. Results: The mean age of participants, the mean age of menarche, and the mean age of PMS onset were 20.55 ± 0.2, 13.52 ± 0.15, and 15.35 ± 0.3 years old, respectively. The results showed that Nigella sativa oil reduced the severity of all PMS symptoms except in terms of depression and abdominal bloating in IG compare to the PG. Conclusion: Nigella sativa oil in women with premenstrual syndrome can be a promising, safe, and easily available analgesic supplement.

Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant for extension of postoperative analgesia in ropivacaine induced supraclavicular brachial plexus block

Pain is recognized as the fifth vital sign. The pain must be adequately treated esp. in postoperative period. The study was carried out at Department of Anesthesiology, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences Indore. The aim of the study was to assess the role of Dexmedetomidine in extension of post-operative analgesia. The study included 88 participants who were equally divided randomly into two groups i.e. with and without Dexmedetomidine intervention after the inclusion and exclusion criteria’s. The duration of post-operative analgesia in both groups indicating that contemplated surgery could be finished without need for additional analgesic supplement as the minimum and maximum time for surgery were within the range of effective analgesia without movement of limb. The time for demand of dose of rescue analgesic by the patients in both groups was 493.6±48.6 minutes and 961.0±141.6 minutes. The Dexmedetomidine group had a less demand of rescue analgesia. (P = 0.000). Whereas 23(52.2%) patients of Nonintervention group needed 2 to 4 doses of injection of diclofenac sodium by intramuscular route to control pain.Addition of Dexmedetomidine 100 mcg to ropivacaine 0.5% solution for conduct of supraclavicular block improved the block quality and provided prolonged postoperative pain free period and decreased the demand of systemic analgesics.

PRE-EMPTIVE PAIN CONTROL

Introduction: Opioid related side effects have encouraged the use of analgesic drugs that are devoidof these problems. Objective:- This study was done to compare the analgesic efficacy of Ketorolac and diclofenacin 60 adult patients of age group ranging between 30 to 45 years of age body wt 50-60kg belonging to ASA I and IIgrade. Material and Methods: Patients were scheduled for elective gynecological procedure (laparoscopic tuballigation) under general anaesthesia. They were divided into two equal groups using non-probability conveniencesampling technique. Each group comprised of 30 patients. Group A received Ketorolac 10 mg I/V with local infiltrationof 0.5% Bupivacaine and group B received IM Diclofenac sodium 75 mg after local infiltration 0.5% bupivacaine asin Group A ½ hourly before surgery. Post operatively patients were observed after 30 minutes in the recovery roomfor pain relief for two hours. Mean pain scores were noted in the recovery area using visual analog scale with need forsupplementary analgesic after awakening from general anaesthesia. Vital signs were monitored. Result: Results wereanalyzed by using SPSS-8 package by applying Student Test and chi Square Test. There was statistically significantdifference between two groups regarding their mean pain score. Conclusion: The patients who received KetorolacI/V (Group A) had longer pain free time interval and request for first analgesic supplement was made after 90 minutescompared to a shorter interval of 60 minutes in Group-B, who received intramuscular diclofenac sodium.

A Comparison of the Efficacy of Ketorolac and Indomethacin for Postoperative Analgesia following Laparoscopic Surgery in Day Patients

The analgesia provided in the postoperative period by three regimens commonly used in our private anaesthetic practice were compared in a double-blind study of one hundred and thirty-seven women presenting for day-case laparoscopic procedures. After random allocation into three groups, all patients were similarly anaesthetized and then received both a rectal suppository and an IM injection. Group P received two placebos, Group I had an indomethacin suppository 100 mg, and Group K an IM injection of ketorolac 30 mg. The trial showed a statistically significant reduction in pain at 180 minutes postoperatively in the group receiving ketorolac (visual analog pain score of 13.8 v 21.7). The parenterally administered ketorolac may be a useful analgesic supplement in these patients. However the trial was aborted following the appearance in the literature of case reports of postoperative renal failure. Further investigation of the efficacy and side-effect profile of reduced doses may be warranted.

Alfentanil in Anesthesia and Analgesia

Alfentanil is a tetrazole derivative of fentanyl. Many of the pharmacologic effects of alfentanil are similar to those of fentanyl and sufentanil, but of quicker onset than those of fentanyl and of shorter duration than those of fentanyl and sufentanil. Alfentanil may cause less intense respiratory depression than equianalgesic doses of fentanyl. Alfentanil has a lower total body clearance, smaller volume of distribution, and shorter half-life than fentanyl and sufentanil. Clinical trials indicate alfentanil can be used effectively as an analgesic, an analgesic supplement to anesthesia, an anesthetic induction agent, and as the major component of a general anesthetic. Its short duration of effect makes it attractive as an analgesic supplement for short ambulatory surgical procedures. Alfentanil is recommended for addition to drug formularies, but its use should be restricted to anesthesia personnel.