Sustainable Renewal of Underground Parking Space in the Scenario of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) are a major development direction in international scientific and technological innovation. One of the most popular features of SAVs in the urban space is that they can significantly reduce the need for parking. The urban underground parking space (UPS) is currently the largest static traffic space, especially in high-density urban centers. Under the SAV scenario, the need for the renewal of UPS will increase in the near future. However, renewal of the UPS is difficult due to its special form features, which are greatly restricted by the external environment, thus necessitating targeted methods and strategies. This research first conducted field investigations and data collection on the spatial morphology and service conditions of typical UPSs in different areas of Hangzhou city. Based on the driver status response and the multi-objective attribute models, the time-series evaluation method and function replacement decision model for the sustainable renewal of underground parking were established. The research also discusses appropriate design strategies for the combination of spatial characteristics and functional replacement goals of typical samples. The conclusions will provide scientific guidance for the future design practice of architects and urban designers in SAV.

Features of preparation the federal statistical observation form TZV-budget «Information on expenses of a budgetary, autonomous and state institution for 2021»

The article is devoted to the features of preparation the new form of federal statistical observation 2021 TZV-budget. The Order of Rosstat of 15.07.2021 № 420 «About the statement of a form of federal statistical observation the № TZV-budget «Data on expenses of the budgetary, autonomous and state institution for 2021» which shows this form and reveals features of its preparation is analyzed. It is noted that if the standard expenditure columns do not cover 90% of the expenses of the organization for each of the presented types of expenses, the institution is itself obliged to show the most significant expenses of this direction when completing the form. Features of control over correctness of this reporting form filling out by means of check of presented control ratios are disclosed. Dates of submission of this form and liability for its non-submission are considered.

A hierarchical definitional framework for a heterogeneous context: housing typologies in Tirana, Albania

PurposeThe proposed definitional framework can be used to define housing typologies of cities in developing countries. It aims to define housing typologies in the capital city of Albania, Tirana, using the proposed hierarchical framework within the dynamics of four political periods: Ottoman, establishment, socialist and postsocialist.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a new definitional approach for the housing typologies through a hierarchical framework that defines the typologies based on their political period and legality statuses departing from the case of Tirana, which is featured by a heterogeneous context. Such context is characterized by uncontrollable urban development, making typology definition problematic. Furthermore, beyond the form, spatial and functional features, it presents their exterior distinctiveness as an innovative element. The methodology used in the study includes archival research, image documentation, spatial, functional and exterior distinctiveness analysis of housing typologies and exploration of housing form features in different political periods.FindingsThe study identifies urban formal housing typologies in Tirana detached houses, apartments, mass housing, social housing, gated communities, informal detached houses and housing with in/formal additions.Originality/valueThis definitional approach can be used to define housing typologies for cities featured by heterogeneous urban context.

Yonge and great: an assessment of Yonge as a great street

Some streets are better than others. Some are ordinary, and others are great. This paper explores what makes Great Streets and the key built form features. A case study analysis was conducted and was guided by an evaluative framework based on Allan Jacobs eight Requirements and five Criteria for Great Streets. The evaluative framework help assessed the degree to which Times Square and Yonge St - between Queen and College - met the Requirements and Criteria for Great Streets. The discussion demonstrates how improvement to the physical Requirements of streets can result in noticeable improvement in its’ function. While Yonge is Toronto’s ‘main street’ the evaluation identified areas for enhancement. Specifically, in order for Yonge to be a Great Street, future planning and design strategies should consider the following three Requirements: (1) Places to walk with some leisure; (2) Physical comfort; and (3) Quality Design.

Yonge and great: an assessment of Yonge as a great street

Some streets are better than others. Some are ordinary, and others are great. This paper explores what makes Great Streets and the key built form features. A case study analysis was conducted and was guided by an evaluative framework based on Allan Jacobs eight Requirements and five Criteria for Great Streets. The evaluative framework help assessed the degree to which Times Square and Yonge St - between Queen and College - met the Requirements and Criteria for Great Streets. The discussion demonstrates how improvement to the physical Requirements of streets can result in noticeable improvement in its’ function. While Yonge is Toronto’s ‘main street’ the evaluation identified areas for enhancement. Specifically, in order for Yonge to be a Great Street, future planning and design strategies should consider the following three Requirements: (1) Places to walk with some leisure; (2) Physical comfort; and (3) Quality Design.

The Weed Plant Detection

The Knowledge about the distribution of weeds within the sector could also be prerequisite for the site-specific treatment. Optical sensors changes to detect vary weed densities and species which can have mapped using GPS data. Weeds are extracted from the pictures that are using the image processing and therefore the report by the form features. The classification supported the features reveal the type and therefore the number of weeds per the image. For the classification the sole maximum of sixteen features out of the eighty-one computed ones is employed. Which enables the optimal distinction of weed classes is used the choice is usually done using processing algorithms, which the speed discriminate of the features of prototypes. If no prototypes are available, clustering algorithms are often used to automatically generate clusters. Within the next step weed classes are often assigned to the clusters. Such procedure aids to select prototypes, which are completed manually. Classes are often identified, that are distinct within the feature space or which are overlapping, and thus not well separable. The clustering is usually utilized in some, less complex cases to work out automatic procedure for the classification. By using the system weed plants are generated. These are differentiating to the results of manual weeds sampling.

Object detection and tracking in video sequences: formalization, metrics and results

One of the promising areas of development and implementation of artificial intelligence is the automatic detection and tracking of moving objects in video sequence. The paper presents a formalization of the detection and tracking of one and many objects in video. The following metrics are considered: the quality of detection of tracked objects, the accuracy of determining the location of the object in a frame, the trajectory of movement, the accuracy of tracking multiple objects. Based on the considered generalization, an algorithm for tracking people has been developed that uses the tracking through detection method and convolutional neural networks to detect people and form features. Neural network features are included in a composite descriptor that also contains geometric and color features to describe each detected person in the frame. The results of experiments based on the considered criteria are presented, and it is experimentally confirmed that the improvement of the detector operation makes it possible to increase the accuracy of tracking objects. Examples of frames of processed video sequences with visualization of human movement trajectories are presented.