The true edge: a comparison between self-defense fighting from German “fight-books” (Fechtbücher) and the reality of judicial sources (1400-1550)

The article discusses the “self-defense” techniques presented in fightbooks and treaties. The objective is to determine if these techniques take the reality of fight in account, to evaluate the difference between theory and practice in remaining safe during an aggression. In order to do so, this work uses crossed analysis, with remission letters (judicial sources) studied in the light of the knowledge contained in the fight-books. This study is based on the sorting out of weapons, wounds, and times of death found in remission letters (the data of real fight). In parallel, the theorization of fight in treaties will be taken in account.

Risk-aware graph search with dynamic edge cost discovery

In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm for incorporating uncertainty into lookahead planning. Our algorithm searches through connected graphs with uncertain edge costs represented by known probability distributions. As a robot moves through the graph, the true edge costs of adjacent edges are revealed to the planner prior to traversal. This locally revealed information allows the planner to improve performance by predicting the benefit of edge costs revealed in the future and updating the plan accordingly in an online manner. Our proposed algorithm, risk-aware graph search (RAGS), selects paths with high probability of yielding low costs based on the probability distributions of individual edge traversal costs. We analyze RAGS for its correctness and computational complexity and provide a bounding strategy to reduce its complexity. We then present results in an example search domain and report improved performance compared with traditional heuristic search techniques. Lastly, we implement the algorithm in both simulated missions and field trials using satellite imagery to demonstrate the benefits of risk-aware planning through uncertain terrain for low-flying unmanned aerial vehicles.

Why and How the Zigzag Edge of Suspended Graphene Sheet where Deformed

The edge of graphene plays an important role in electronic and spintronic properties of graphene. As we know in many article zigzag edge used as stable edge but this edge cannot be true edge. When the graphene sheet is cut, bonds are broken along this line and electrons that participate in bond be free, so there is electron density gradient along the edge. Because of this the carbon atoms along the edge is moved till the stable structure be established. For achieving to this specific structure, density functional theory was used via Gaussian package. The result shows hexagons on the edge are going to deform to pentagon and heptagon by change the kind of bond in this chain. In the other zigzag chain behind the edge we have movement of electron density from one carbon atom to another carbon atom by help of carbon atom that placed between them. So we suggested new edge that can be replacement by zigzag edge in calculation with more less structure energy that identify in experiment method too.

A GAUSSIAN DERIVATIVE OPERATOR FOR AUTHENTIC EDGE DETECTION AND ACCURATE EDGE LOCALIZATION

One of the nice properties of the Gaussian scale space map is its well behavedness. This rather well-behaved nature is somewhat deceptive, however, as portions of the map may not have any direct relationship to the features in the unfiltered image.4 It has been shown that not all zero-crossing surface patches can be associated with intensity changes in the unfiltered image. Zero-crossings give rise to both authentic and phantom scale map contours. Recently, we proposed an edge enhancement operator, the LWF, which is a weighted combination of the Gaussian and its second derivative.6 In this paper, we prove analytically and demonstrate experimentally that the LWF produces the authentic scale map contours only. We also show that the LWF has excellent edge localization (i.e. the points marked by the operator is very close to center of the true edge). A performance comparison between the Laplacian of Gaussian and LWF operators with respect to the localization property is also presented.

Sputter Coated Carbon Specimens for Sem Performance Testing

Resolution capability of a SEM is often demonstrated by the smallest spacing between two distinct images on a photomicrograph. Unfortunately, this determination of resolution is subjective, due in part to the resultant fuzziness of the image edges often seen at high magnification. This lack of edge sharpness and the uncertainty in the true edge location degrades the precision and accuracy of the measurement to a significant degree.

Alternative Background Fitting for Electron Energy Loss Spectra

Microanalysis using inner shell ionization edges in electron energy loss spectra obtained in an analytical electron microscope is now well established. In order to assess true edge profiles and obtain integrated intensities of the inner shell ionization edges of interest, it is first necessary to subtract the background. The background arises from the tails of preceding ionization edges, multiple plasmon excitations and valence electron excitations.