Remanufacturing Aided Upgrading of Universal Testing Machine through Sustainability Assessment Modeling

Aims: Study sustainability of Remanufacturing Aided Upgrading of Universal Testing Machine Business. Study Design: Sustainability assessment criteria are elicited, unified, normalized and weighted to find the mean global weights of economic, environmental, social, management and technical measures of sustainability. Place and Duration of Study: Middle Technical University, Institute of Technology-Baghdad, Mechanical Techniques Department, between January 2020 and August 2020. Methodology: Remanufacturing Aided Upgrading experience is used to project the suitable literature comparatively to construct sustainability assessment model. Remanufacturing Aided Upgrading are reviewed and modified to accommodate new changes that accompany the current case study. Decision making for selection of remanufactured alternatives and remanufacturing alternative in field of machine tools remanufacturing is reviewed. Experience in field of machine tool remanufacturing is exploited to remodeling of existence models to optimize a remanufactured lathe into CNC machine case study. Results: Remanufacturing Aided Upgrading of Universal Testing Machine can encounter four phases of upgradability so that Universal Testing Machine can be divided into: 1- Analog Display Universal Testing Machine 2- Digital Display Universal Testing Machine 3- Computer Display Universal Testing Machine 4- Electro-Hydraulic Servo Control Universal Testing Machine Such classification cannot fulfill structural analysis to study sustainability through prospective of remanufacturing added upgradability so structural analysis is required to be applied. Structural analysis can show that mechanical structure and hydraulic sub-systems are developing slightly through these four phases so they are remanufacturing oriented while control and data acquisition system encounters dramatically changes so that Universal Testing Machines are classified based on their specifications in control and data acquisition. According to Remanufacturing Aided Upgrading based sustainability prospective, Universal Testing Machine components can be classified into :- 1- Remanufacturing Aided Upgrading based design components 2- Remanufacturing based design components 3- Upgrading based design components 4- General purposes based design components Assessment matrices are of consistent weights with an error due to ambiguity, inexactness subjectivity, impreciseness and vagueness to an extent in some joints of the problem statement which requires future research. Conclusion: Literature based analysis and experience based analysis can be used to develop alternatives based analysis to elicit potentials to apply Remanufacturing Aided Upgrading of Universal Testing Machine to develop sustainable business. Technically, remanufacturing is the viable to be followed by economic and environment viabilities. There is a need to enhance the social and management viabilities because they are low. Assessment based classification lead to that Universal Testing Machine can be divided into: 1- Remanufacturing based Design Components which include Upper Cross Head, Moveable Cross Head, Lead Screws, Driving Sub-system, Upper Cross Head and Table Alignment Columns, Table, Machine Base Foundation, Hydraulic Cylinder and Hydraulic Pump. 2- Remanufacturing Aided Upgrading based Design components which include Load Control Valve, hydraulic oil returning valve and Pump Electrical Motor. 3- Upgrading based Design components which include Analog Display, Pendulum Load Cell, Elongation Translation Mechanism, Pressure Sensor, Load Cell, Encoder, Extensometer, Data Acquisition Card, Data Acquisition-Control Card, Computer Display Data Acquisition Software and Computer Display Data Acquisition-Control Software. 4- General purposes based design components which include piping system, Upper Cross Head Grips and Moveable Cross Head Grip.

Sex Variation of Motion Stereotypic Response among Adult Bengalee Population for the Operation of Some Simple Control-Display Units

Population stereotype point out to a long-term habit and well embedded knowledge of a particular population. This study was carried out to evaluate the variation in index of reversibility, response preference and response initiation time among male and female subjects for some simple analog control-display units. A total of 999 subjects were responded, among them 591 were male and 408 were female (having the age range of 15-60 years). To conduct the study five types of analog displays viz., rotary control knob with horizontal display, rotary control knob with vertical display, and rotary control knob with circular display, horizontally aligned rocker switches and vertically aligned rocker switches for electric lights were fabricated. The subjects were asked to move the control to get the desired display and the response preference and response initiation time were noted as the results. The results showed that the best control-display unit was the rotary control-vertical display combination on the basis of index of reversibility for both sexes. Statistical analysis of the data showed that preferred response percentage or were significantly (P less than 0.05 or less) different for both sexes in case of all the rotary control analog display operations but for rocker switch-electric light unit operation it was found that both group showed similar stereotypic strength and direction. Response initiation time also found to be significantly (P less than 0.001) different, it was also found that higher preferred response percentage showed shorter response initiation time. It may be concluded that gender has a profound impact on motion stereotypic responses.

Chimeric Beta-Defensin Analogs, Including the Novel 3NI Analog, Display Salt-Resistant Antimicrobial Activity and Lack Toxicity in Human Epithelial Cell Lines

ABSTRACTHuman beta-defensins (hBDs) are crucial peptides for the innate immune response and are thus prime candidates as therapeutic agents directed against infective diseases. Based on the properties of wild-type hBD1 and hBD3 and of previously synthesized analogs (1C, 3I, and 3N), we have designed a new analog, 3NI, and investigated its potential as an antimicrobial drug. Specifically, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of 3NI versus those of hBD1, hBD3, 1C, 3I, and 3N. Our results show that 3NI exerted greater antibacterial activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, andEnterococcus faecalisthan did hBD1 and hBD3, even with elevated salt concentrations. Moreover, its antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus 1 was greater than that of hBD1 and similar to that of hBD3. Subsequently, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of all peptides in three human epithelial carcinoma cell lines: A549 from lung, CaCo-2 from colon, and Capan-1 from pancreas. None of the analogs significantly reduced cell viability versus wild-type hBD1 and hBD3. They did not induce genotoxicity or cause an increase in the number of apoptotic cells. Using confocal microscopy, we also investigated the localization of the peptides during their incubation with epithelial cells and found that they were distributed on the cell surface, from which they were internalized. Finally, we show that hBD1 and hBD3 are characterized by high resistance to serum degradation. In conclusion, the new analog 3NI seems to be a promising anti-infective agent, particularly given its high salt resistance—a feature that is relevant in diseases such as cystic fibrosis.

Analog Track Angle Error Displays Improve Simulated GPS Approach Performance

Pilots flying non-precision instrument approaches traditionally rely on a course deviation indicator (CDI) analog display of cross track error (XTE) information. The new generation of GPS based area navigation (RNAV) receivers can also compute accurate track angle error (TAE). Does display of supplementary TAE information improve intercept and tracking performance? Six pilots each flew 20 approaches in a light twin simulator to evaluate 3 different TAE/XTE display formats, in comparison to a conventional receiver CDI display and a more centrally located Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI). Statistically significant performance improvements were seen in several phases of the approach when using the supplementary TAE information. Analog was preferred over numeric format. However, the advantage was offset by the need to widen the pilot's instrument scan to include the receiver display. Pilots found TAE helpful in establishing intercepts and the appropriate wind correction angle. Findings support the recent FAA TSO-C129 requirement that XTE be presented in the pilot's primary field of view, and the recommendation that avionics manufacturers include supplementary analog TAE display capability.