The Identities of the Second Intermediate Period Dynasties in Egypt

The composition of and the relationship between the Second Intermediate Period dynasties are still unclear. The present study proposes that Egypt is united during the first half of Dynasty 13 but divided following Merneferra Ay. The Middle Kingdom wꜥrwt system is applied to this division: late Dynasty 13 rules the District of the South (centered at Itjtawy), Dynasty 15 rules the District of the North (centered at Avaris), and Dynasty 16 the District of the Head of the South (centered at Thebes). Dynasty 14 consists of a conglomeration of kinglets in the Delta contemporary with Dynasty 15. Dynasty 17 evolves from the Thinite subdistrict and takes over half of the territory of Dynasty 16, at the end of the reign of Nebiryrau I. The number of kings for each dynasty can be reconstructed on the basis of a combination of the data in Manetho and in the Turin King List.

Mary Had a Little Ram

The Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga (Proyecto Djehuty) has been working in the Eighteenth Dynasty Theban Tombs of Djehuty (TT 11) and Hery (TT 12) and their environs since 2002. The excavators uncovered a deposit west of the courtyard of TT 11, consisting of a wrapped ram, a wooden coffin, and a dense deposit of pottery sherds. This is possibly one of the earliest excavated animal burials in the Theban area, and unusual in the fact that it is of a ram. This article focuses on exploring and contextualising this rare find of the late Second Intermediate Period/early New Kingdom.

The Twenty-Fifth Dynasty Theban Mortuary Temple of the Vizier Nebneteru, Reused by Khonsuirdis and Others

The Third Intermediate Period temple tomb, or mortuary temple, of Nebneteru, most often referred to as the tomb of Khonsuirdis, was described by Petrie as ‘one of the most prominent landmarks of the western side of Thebes’, yet remains little discussed in the scholarly literature. It was excavated by Petrie in the 1890s and more fully by an Italian team in the 1970s, but never fully published. The scattered references to archaeological and textual evidence for the monument and those interred within it are surveyed in this article, including new evidence from the University of Arizona Egyptian Expedition’s excavations at the adjoining site of the Tausret Memorial Temple. In light of recently updated understandings of Third Intermediate Period material culture, an argument is made for a revised early Twenty-Fifth Dynasty dating of the monument. The mortuary temple of Nebneteru, though little known, offers a rare and interesting glimpse into the funerary belief and practice of the Egyptian high élite in the early Twenty-Fifth Dynasty.

Two words about the article of Dr. M. P. Shatkinsky "On purulent appendicitis"

The question is about the operation of appendicitis in the so-called. "Intermediate" period. Recently, says MP Shatkinsky, we have all learned to successfully operate on appendicitis, both in the froid stage, which some (Ochkin, Rozanov) consider the operation of choice, and in the acute period (the first 24-48 hours), and % of mortality for some authors is close to 0. Less popular among us and very common among the French to operate not only on the first and second days, but also on the 5-6th day (Ren). 1. p. p. 745. In a footnote, the author of the Russians indicates only two authors who operate in this "interstitial" period: Krasintsev in Moscow and Milostanov in Kharkov.