Income Inequality in the United States and Europe

This paper concentrates on comparing the policies implemented in the United States of America and European Union after the 1960s which led to the inequality tends among the respective populations. Data comparison between the top 1% and bottom 50% households show significant increase in inequality in US whereas Europe has been successful in stabilizing these trends. Various factors such as role of European Union, role of Labour unions, Education, tax, and transfer policies are thoroughly explained with relevant data from various sources.

European Union and online platforms in global audiovisual politics and economy: Once Upon a Time in America?

The purpose of this article is twofold: to consider whether and how the European Union has a strong influence in global audiovisual politics and economy and to analyse whether the United States keeps playing a key role in global audiovisual flows or its domination is challenged by the European Union or other countries. These two purposes are analysed in the light of the rise of global online platforms, seen as the new dominant development in the audiovisual industry. In order to understand the European Union role and influence, the article highlights three interlinked factors: European/internal audiovisual policies, market profile and foreign audiovisual diplomacy. In the end, the article examines the competition that European Union faces in the global film economy, focusing notably on the US/Hollywood, China, India and global online platforms.

Organisasi Serikat Pekerja Terhadap Kesejahteraan Pekerja atau Buruh di PT. Apac Inti Corpora

This paper aims to understand does the labor union contribute in improving its labor’s warfare in PT. Apac Inti Corpora, the obstacles in order to improve the labor’s warfare in PT. Apac Inti Corpora, the efforts in order to overcome the obstacles. The result of this research shows that SPA / Serikat Pekerja Apacinti (Apacinti Labor Union) is a labor union in PT. Apac Inti Corpora. This SPA is a helping-hand for the employees and labors alike, and it includes contributing in composing PKB / Perjanjian Kerja Bersama (Collective Labor Agreement) Nevertheless, in fact, almost all organizations in which a labor union is formed fail to apply the labor agreement. As far as concerned, this SPA has successfully helped its labors and employees with less obstacles. However, one of the only problems which matters is when SPA receives labor dismissing / laying off report. The SPA considers this problem as aberration, and to resolve it, the SPA holds a bipartite conference with the employers. Unfotunately, the conference fails to resolve. Another solution to resolve this problem is holding another conference, yet this time is a tripartite with Department of Manpower and Transmigration in Semarang, and the latest conference succesfully resolves by giving 70% of basic salary instead of a half, and by giving THR / Tunjangan Hari Raya (Alimony the feast). Keywords : Labor Union Role; Labor’s Warfare; PT. Apac Inti Corpora Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan serikat pekerja/buruh dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja di PT. Apac Inti Copora, hambatan yang di hadapi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja/buruh di PT Apac Inti Corpora, upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hambatan yang di hadapi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja/buruh di PT Apac Inti Corpora.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Serikat Pekerja Apacinti / SPA merupakan nama organisasi serikat pekerja yang terdapat di PT. Apac Inti Corpora. Peranan Serikat Pekerja di perusahaan ini sangat berpengaruh dalam mensejahterakan pekerja/buruh, termasuk ikut andil dalam menyusun Perjanjian Kerja Bersama (PKB). Hampir semua organisasi di mana terbentuk Serikat Pekerja/Buruh tidak semua mulus dalam menerapkan kesepakatan bersama. Selama ini peran Serikat Pekerja/Buruh dalam mensejahterakan pekerja/buruh di perusahaan ini tidak ada hambatan. Serikat Pekerja Apacinti PT. Apac Inti Corpora baru mengalami suatu hambatan dimana salah satunya adalah adanya permasalahan menonaktifkan karyawan / merumahkan karyawan, ketika dirundingkan masih gagal dalam bermediasi karena belum menemukan titik terang. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut adalah berupa pertemuan Tripartit dengan Dinas Sosial Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Semarang dan permasalahan dapat terselesaikan dengan kata sepakat bahwa tetap diberi upah 70% dan Tunjangan Hari Raya (THR). Kata Kunci: Peranan Serikat Pekerja; Kesejahteraan Pekerja; PT. Apac Inti Corpora.

Bridging the Divide: Examining Professional Unity and the Extended Teacher Union Role in Sweden

Sweden has experienced increasing educational inequity levels within its highly decentralized school system. With a reduced capacity to bargain collectively, the two Swedish teacher trade unions, the Swedish Teachers’ Union (Lärarförbundet) and the National Union of Teachers in Sweden (Lärarnas Riksförbund), have sought to extend their role in social unionism. This interpretive study explores the discourses of professionalism on which both unions draw to reframe the narrative around issues of social justice and democracy. Using sociological and institutional theories, policy documents were analyzed to understand processes of theorization in the legitimation of change.