A case report of spontaneous biliary peritonitis with accessory liver lobe: rare presentation of a rare pathology

Spontaneous intrahepatic bile duct perforation with associated accessory liver lobe is an exceedingly rare condition with very few cases reported in the literature. Here we report a case of 76 years old man presenting with severe pain, abdominal distension since 3 days having jaundice and signs of peritonitis. Having undergone an exploratory laparotomy, 1 liter of bilious peritoneal fluid was seen with a perforation of left intra hepatic bile duct with a presence of an accessory lobe of liver. The gall bladder was contracted with multiple stones. Extrahepatic biliary duct was found normal intraoperatively. A cholecystectomy with resection of the accessory liver lobe was done. Post operatively patient had persistence of jaundice for which a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was done, revealing a distal common bile duct calculus. Patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stone extraction on post operative day 10 relieving the symptoms. Patient is on regular follow up with no further complications. Awareness of such unusual occurrences is necessary for early diagnosis and instituting the appropriate treatment thereby reducing the mortality.

Accessory liver lobe torsion presenting after blunt abdominal trauma

Torsion of an Accessory Liver Lobe (ALL) is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain. The presence of ALL is associated with congenital abdominal wall abnormalities, such as omphalocele or umbilical hernia, and occurs secondary to abnormal liver morphogenesis and intraabdominal hypertension causing liver hypertrophy. Torsion may be triggered by blunt abdominal trauma. We report the case of a 29-year-old male who developed torsion of an ALL arising from hepatic segment 3 after falling. The patient required urgent operative intervention for the treatment of this torsion. This presentation and disease manifestation has been very rarely reported in the literature.

A Potentially Misleading Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically presents in patients with a chronic liver disease and rarely develops in healthy liver, especially within an accessory liver lobe. We present a case of a healthy 64-years-old woman who showed a serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) value of 226.3 µg/mL during a screening blood test. Past medical history was negative for chronic liver disease or cirrhosis. Intraoperative finding was an ovaloid mass connected with the second hepatic segment by a thin pedicle of hepatic tissue. Lesion was safely resected by laparoscopic approach. Histopathology analysis showed a trabecular hepatocellular carcinoma. After a 6-month follow up, there was no evidence of recurrent disease. This case report showed how serum AFP remains a highly sensitive marker, although the presentation of HCC was unusual. To our knowledge, this is the second case reported in the literature.

A rare case of accessory liver lobe torsion in a pediatric patient who showed recurrent epigastralgia and who was treated by elective laparoscopic resection

Background Accessory liver lobe (ALL) is a rare liver malformation. An ALL develops due to malformation of the endodermal caudal foregut and segmentation of the hepatic bud in the third week of gestation. Most ALLs are asymptomatic and are detected incidentally during abdominal surgery. The incidence of ALL is < 1% in patients who undergo abdominal surgery. However, some ALLs twist and cause acute abdomen. We experienced a pediatric case of ALL torsion in a patient who underwent elective laparoscopic surgery. Case presentation The 5-year-old girl had a 3-month history of epigastralgia and vomiting, which occurred every 2 weeks. Abdominal ultrasonography with color Doppler imaging revealed an 11.8 × 13.6 mm nonvascular lesion with mixed echogenicity near the round ligament of the liver. Enhanced computed tomography confirmed a 14 × 16 × 20 mm low-attenuation mass surrounded by a hyperdense line and disproportionate fat stranding on the right side of the round ligament of the liver. There was no ascites or hemorrhage. These findings suggested an abscess of the round ligament of the liver. Her symptoms improved with the administration of oral antibiotics; thus, we planned to perform elective exploratory laparoscopy and subsequent resection. Two trocars (5 mm) were inserted through a multichannel port device at the umbilicus and one trocar (3 mm) was inserted at the right lateral abdomen. Upon observation of the abdominal cavity, the omentum was observed adhering to the round ligament of the liver. Macroscopic observation revealed no apparent mass lesions. We performed adhesiolysis of the omentum from the round ligament of the liver using a vessel sealing system. We performed resection at the site at which adhesion had formed between the round ligament of the liver with the surrounding tissue using a vessel sealing system and the resected specimen was extracted through the umbilical wound. The postoperative course was uneventful. A pathological examination revealed necrotic liver tissue. The resected tissue was founded to be an ALL with ischemic change. Conclusions The recurrent abdominal pain was induced by torsion of the ALL. Pediatric surgeons should consider ALL torsion as a differential diagnosis for epigastralgia of unknown etiology.

Segment VIII-Dependent Intrathoracic Accessory Liver

Abnormally positioned liver tissues are usually incidental findings diagnosed during imaging studies or surgical procedures. Most of the cases described are of congenital origin. We present a case corresponding to a 21-year-old young man with this entity.

Incidental finding of heterotopic supradiaphragmatic liver

Here we describe a case of heterotopic, supradiaphragmatic liver in a 65-year-old woman who was referred for investigation of a soft tissue gallbladder mass. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder and supradiaphragmatic accessory liver tissue. This is a remarkably rare normal variant.