Bias Gender Kapamangkuan Di Desa Mengesta Kecamatan Penebel Kabupaten Tabanan

The analysis of the kapamangkuan gender bias in Mengesta village is a socio-cultural study of the imbalance of rights and obligations between pamangku lanang and pamangku istri. This study uses a qualitative methodology, data collection were done through observations, literature study, and in-depth interviews with 7 traditional and religious leaders as informants. The present study concludes that the procedures for pamangku candidates' coronation were as follows: selection, lineage, nyanjan ceremony, and distribution of lekesan. Gender inequality exists due to several factors, namely: the purusa and pradana system in Balinese culture; 2) male dominance in kapamangkuan; 3) kapamangkuan education prioritizes pamangku lanang; 4) The labeling of pamangku istri with their domestic duties as ceremonial amenities maker, and 5) menstrual cycle myths factors. Furthermore, the gender identification in kapamangkuan in Mengesta village are as follows: 1) The labeling of pamangku istri as the socialization of women into gender polarity; 2) the kapamangkuan education system based on biological differentiation, 3) a second marriage system that is considered unholy, 4) through unclear patterns of pamangku istri's clothing, and 5) Gender identification through adat (local social system). In general, there is still injustice to pamangku istri regarding her rights and obligations despite her equal position as a pamangku.

Antidepressant responses in direct comparisons of melancholic and non-melancholic depression

Background: Efforts to develop less heterogeneous, more clinically useful diagnostic categories for depressive disorders include renewed interest in the concept of melancholia (Mel). However, clinical or biological differentiation of Mel from other (nonMel) episodes of depression has been questioned, and it remains unclear whether pharmacological responses proposed to be characteristic of Mel are supported by available research. Methods: We carried out a systematic review seeking treatment trials reports comparing Mel and nonMel depressed subjects for meta-analyses of their differences in responses (a) to antidepressants overall, (b) to tricyclic (TCAs) or serotonin-enhancing agents (serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) and (c) with placebo treatment. Results: We identified 25 trials in 16 reports comparing 2597 Mel with 5016 nonMel subjects. Overall, responses to antidepressant treatment did not differ between Mel (39.4%) and nonMel (42.2%) subjects. However, all subjects responded better to TCAs (50.6%) than SRIs (30.0%; p<0.0001). Mel subjects also responded less well with placebo, but also were significantly more severely depressed at intake. Conclusions: Antidepressant responses were similar in Mel and nonMel depressed patients. Mel subjects responded 25% less with placebo but were more severely depressed initially, and there was preferential response to TCAs in both Mel and nonMel subjects. The findings provide little support for proposed differences in responses to particular treatments among Mel versus nonMel depressed patients, and underscore the need to match for illness severity in making such comparisons.

Current and future methodologies for quantitative analysis of information transfer in sign language and gesture data

State-of-the-art methods of analysis of video data now include motion capture and optical flow from video recordings. These techniques allow for biological differentiation between visual communication and noncommunicative motion, enabling further inquiry into neural bases of communication. The requirements for additional noninvasive methods of data collection and automatic analysis of natural gesture and sign language are discussed.

Speciation and introgression between Mimulus nasutus and Mimulus guttatus

Mimulus guttatus and M. nasutus are an evolutionary and ecological model sister species pair differentiated by ecology, mating system, and partial reproductive isolation. Despite extensive research on this system, the history of divergence and differentiation in this sister pair is unclear. We present and analyze a novel population genomic data set which shows that M. nasutus "budded" off of a central Californian M. guttatus population within the last 200 to 500 thousand years. In this time, the M. nasutus genome has accrued numerous genomic signatures of the transition to predominant selfing. Despite clear biological differentiation, we document ongoing, bidirectional introgression. We observe a negative relationship between the recombination rate and divergence between M. nasutus and sympatric M. guttatus samples, suggesting that selection acts against M. nasutus ancestry in M. guttatus.