Clinical connectivity map for drug repurposing: using laboratory results to bridge drugs and diseases

Background Drug repurposing, the process of identifying additional therapeutic uses for existing drugs, has attracted increasing attention from both the pharmaceutical industry and the research community. Many existing computational drug repurposing methods rely on preclinical data (e.g., chemical structures, drug targets), resulting in translational problems for clinical trials. Results In this study, we propose a novel framework based on clinical connectivity mapping for drug repurposing to analyze therapeutic effects of drugs on diseases. We firstly establish clinical drug effect vectors (i.e., drug-laboratory results associations) by applying a continuous self-controlled case series model on a longitudinal electronic health record data, then establish clinical disease sign vectors (i.e., disease-laboratory results associations) by applying a Wilcoxon rank sum test on a large-scale national survey data. Eventually, a repurposing possibility score for each drug-disease pair is computed by applying a dot product-based scoring function on clinical disease sign vectors and clinical drug effect vectors. During the experiment, we comprehensively evaluate 392 drugs for 6 important chronic diseases (include asthma, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, heart attack, type 2 diabetes, and stroke). The experiment results not only reflect known associations between diseases and drugs, but also include some hidden drug-disease associations. The code for this paper is available at: https://github.com/HoytWen/CCMDR Conclusions The proposed clinical connectivity map framework uses laboratory results found from electronic clinical information to bridge drugs and diseases, which make their relations explainable and has better translational power than existing computational methods. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework, further case analysis also proves our method can be used to repurposing existing drugs opportunities.

KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS ABOUT ANGINA PECTORIS AMONG PHARMACY STUDENTS

Objective of this study is to determine the awareness among student of Pharm D with Angina Pectoris (AP) regarding the disease, sign & symptoms and treatment.The term Angina Pectoris is applied to varying forms of transient chest discomfort that are attributable to insufficient myocardial oxygen. The classic description of angina is a crushing pain that radiates through the chest and sometimes down the arm, neck, teeth /jaw or into the back, which is usually aggravated by exertion or stress. Angina is a warning sign that the heart muscle is not getting adequate blood supply and specially oxygen and it may lead to myocardial infarction or a heart attack

“Mobile Nurse” Platform for Ubiquitous Medicine

Summary Objectives : We introduce “Mobile Nurse" (MN) - an emerging platform for the practice of ubiquitous medicine. Methods : By implementing in a dynamic setting of daily life the patient care traditionally provided by the clinical nurses on duty, MN aims at integral data collection and shortening the response time to the patient. MN is also capable of intelligent interaction with the patient and is able to learn from the patient's behavior and disease sign evaluation for improved personalized treatment. Results : In this paper, we outline the most essential concepts around the hardware, software and methodological designs of MN. We provide an example of the implementation, and elaborate on the possible future impact on medical practice and biomedical science research. Conclusions : The main innovation of MN, setting it apart from current tele-medicine systems, is the ability to integrate the patient's signs and symptoms on site, providing medical professionals with powerfultools to elucidate disease mechanisms, to make proper diagnoses and to prescribe treatment.

Patogenisitas Vibrio Fluvialis 24SK terhadap Kerapu Tikus (Cromileptes altivelis)

This research was aimed to investigate the pathogenicity of Vibrio fluvialis 24SK in humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) based on its Lethal Dosage 50 (LD50). V. fluvialis 24SK was isolated from ren of humpback grouper cultured in floating net cage at Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center (BADC) Situbondo, with vibriosis signs. The bacterium was cultured in Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB) medium dissolved in trisalt solution (KCl, 0.75 g/l; MgSO4.7H2O; 14.2 g/l; NaCl, 18.4 g/l), incubated at 300C for 24 h. Infection was carried out by interperitoneal injection to humpback grouper (8-9 cm of total length) at 102, 104, 106, and 108 cfu/fish. Control fishes were injected with 0.2 ml trisalt solution. Disease sign and mortality of fishes were observed every eight hour for 40 days. LD50 was calculated based on Dragstedt Behrens method (Hubert, 1980). Result indicated that infection of the bacteria at 106 and 108 cfu/fish caused sub-acute disease signs, such as haemorhagic on operculum, base of fins (pinnae pectorales, pinnae abdominales, pinna analis), and also head and abdomen, while infection at 102 and 104 cfu/fish caused chronic disease signs, such as haemorhagic on fins base which was followed by necrotic on fins and skin tissue in prolonged time. Histopathologically, infection of the bacteria caused atrophy on the gills, infiltrations of lymphocyte, heterofel and plasma cell on the gills and fins base, vacuolar degeneration on the liver, and also present the bacteria colony on the fins base and intestine tissues. V. fluvialis 24SK has LD50 at (1,1±0,5)x107 cfu/fish.