Analysis of The Theory of Embryo Formation from Male Sperm and Lack of Attention to Female Sperm in Quranic Verses

The creation of man, especially the stages of his development in the fetus, is one of the complex issues and wonders of creation in the world. Before Islam and even years later, various views were expressed about how the fetus was originated. Based on the science of embryology, it has been proven that both man and woman are involved in the formation of the fetus. It is claimed that the phrase "a leaping drop" in the verse "He is created from a leaping drop" means a jumping water and refers to the sperm of man. Therefor the female sperm has not mentioned in fetus formation. In response, it can be said: Contrary to popular belief, one of the meanings of the phrase is "fast and moving fluid" and the word "dāfiq" (i.e. leaping) as a subject refers to the intrinsic motion of human creation material and it is considered as one of the secrets of the Qur'an. In other verses of the Holy Qur'an, the creation of man from the "a mingled sperm" is also specified, which refers to the mixing of the sperm of man and woman.

Revealing hidden variability in PWNe with spectral index maps

ABSTRACT Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are the synchrotron bubbles inflated by the rotational energy of a neutron star. Observing variability within them has previously been limited to cases of significant brightening, or the few instances where transient features are interpreted in terms of intrinsic motion or associated with variability from the pulsar. Jet and torus morphology are also only visible in cases of differing brightness with respect to the surrounding nebula and favourable alignment with our line of sight. Spectral map analysis involves binning observations with an adaptive algorithm to meet a signal limit and colouring the results based on the desired model parameter fits. Minute changes in spectral index become therefore apparent even in cases where brightness images alone do not suggest any underlying changes. We present a Chandra X-ray study of the PWNe in G21.5–0.9, Kes 75, G54.1+0.3, G11.2–0.3, and 3C 58, using archival observations accumulated over the ∼20-yr lifetime of the mission. With the spectral map analysis technique, we discover evidence for previously unknown variability opening a new window into viewing PWNe.

Radial Transport Along the Human Acinar Tree

A numerical model of an expanding asymmetric alveolated duct was developed and used to investigate lateral transport between the central acinar channel and the surrounding alveoli along the acinar tree. Our results indicate that some degree of recirculation occurs in all but the terminal generations. We found that the rate of diffusional transport of axial momentum from the duct to the alveolus was by far the largest contributor to the resulting momentum in the alveolar flow but that the magnitude of the axial momentum is critical in determining the nature of the flow in the alveolus. Further, we found that alveolar flow rotation, and by implication chaotic mixing, is strongest in the entrance generations. We also found that the expanding alveolus provides a pathway by which particles with little intrinsic motion can enter the alveoli. Thus, our results offer a possible explanation for why submicron particles deposit preferentially in the acinar-entrance region.