Determination of Fractional Chromatic Numbers in the Operation of Adding Two Different Graphs

The development of graph theory has provided many new pieces of knowledge, one of them is graph color. Where the application is spread in various fields such as the coding index theory. Fractional coloring is multiple coloring at points with different colors where the adjoining point has a different color. The operation in the graph is known as the sum operation. Point coloring can be applied to graphs where the result of operations is from several special graphs. In this case, the graph summation results of the path graph and the cycle graph will produce the same fractional chromatic number as the sum of the fractional chromatic numbers of each graph before it is operated.

Disjoint Genus-0 Surfaces in Extremal Graph Theory and Set Theory Lead To a Novel Topological Theorem

When an edge is removed, a cycle graph Cn becomes a n-1 tree graph. This observation from extremal set theory leads us to the realm of set theory, in which a topological manifold of genus-1 turns out to be of genus-0. Starting from these premises, we prove a theorem suggesting that a manifold with disjoint points must be of genus-0, while a manifold of genus-1 cannot encompass disjoint points.

Fuzzy square difference labeling of some graphs

We introduced a new concept called the Fuzzy square difference labeling. We proved that the path graph (Pn), the cycle graph (Cn), the star graph (Sn) and the complete bipartite graph (Km,n, n ≤ 3) are Fuzzy square difference graphs.

Cayley Graphs over La-Groups and La-Polygroups

The purpose of this paper is the study of simple graphs that are generalized Cayley graphs over LA-polygroups GCLAP − graphs . In this regard, we construct two new extensions for building LA-polygroups. Then, we define Cayley graph over LA-group and GCLAP-graph. Further, we investigate a few properties of them to show that each simple graph of order three, four, and five (except cycle graph of order five which may or may not be a GCLAP-graph) is a GCLAP-graph and then we prove this result.

Tadpole graphs and their laceability.

A connected graph G is termed Hamiltonian-t-laceable (t*-laceable) if there exists in G a Hamiltonian path between every pair (at least one pair) of its vertices u and v with the property d(u,v) = t. The Tadpole graph is the graph obtained by joining a cycle graph Cm to a path graph Pn with a bridge. In this paper, we discuss the laceability properties associated with the Tadpole graph.

Tadpole graphs and their laceability.

A connected graph G is termed Hamiltonian-t-laceable (t*-laceable) if there exists in G a Hamiltonian path between every pair (at least one pair) of its vertices u and v with the property d(u,v) = t. The Tadpole graph is the graph obtained by joining a cycle graph Cm to a path graph Pn with a bridge. In this paper, we discuss the laceability properties associated with the Tadpole graph.

On Partition Dimension of Some Cycle-Related Graphs

Let G be a simple connected graph. Suppose Δ = Δ 1 , Δ 2 , … , Δ l an l -partition of V G . A partition representation of a vertex α w . r . t Δ is the l − vector d α , Δ 1 , d α , Δ 2 , … , d α , Δ l , denoted by r α | Δ . Any partition Δ is referred as resolving partition if ∀ α i ≠ α j ∈ V G such that r α i | Δ ≠ r α j | Δ . The smallest integer l is referred as the partition dimension pd G of G if the l -partition Δ is a resolving partition. In this article, we discuss the partition dimension of kayak paddle graph, cycle graph with chord, and a graph generated by chain of cycles. It has been shown that the partition dimension of the said families of graphs is constant.

Grup Automorfisma Graf Tangga dan Graf Lingkaran

Abstrak. Automorfisma dari suatu graf G merupakan isomorfisma dari graf G ke dirinya sendiri, yaitu fungsi yang memetakan dirinya sendiri. Automorfisma suatu graf dapat dicari dengan menentukan semua kemungkinan fungsi yang satu-satu, onto serta isomorfisma dari himpunan titik pada graf tersebut. Artikel ini difokuskan pada penentuan banyaknya fungsi pada graf tangga dan graf lingkaran yang automorfisma serta grup yang dibentuk oleh himpunan automorfisma dari kedua graf tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dasar atau penelitian murni dan metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa graf tangga membentuk grup abelian berorde-2, graf tangga membentuk grup dihedral berorde-8, dan graf tangga membentuk grup abelian berorde-4. Sedangkan graf lingkaran membentuk grup dihedral berorde-2n.Kata Kunci: Automorfisma, Graf Lingkaran, Graf Tangga, GrupAbstract. An automorphism of a graph G is an isomorphism of graph G to itself i.e. the function that maps onto itself. An automorphism of a graph can be looked for by determining all possible functions which is one-to-one, onto, and isomorphism from vertex set at the graph. This article is focused on determining the number of automorphism functions on ladder graph and cycle graph and the groups formed by the two graphs. The tipe of this research is basic research or pure research and the research method used is literarture review. The result show that ladder graph forms an abelian group of order 2, ladder graph forms a dihedral group of order 8, and ladder graph forms an abelian group of order 4. In other side, cycle graph , forms a dihedral group of order 2n.Keywords: Automorphism, Cycle Graph, Ladder Graph, Group