Elagolix Sodium: Novel GnRH Antagonist for the Treatment of Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a category of lesions and fibroids which occur in the innermost lining of the uterus that is the endometrial layer and spreads to the other parts of the neighboring tissues. It is characterized by inflammation, pelvic pain, menstrual bleeding, and Dysmenorrhea. Endometriosis exists in 3 forms based on its spreadability. i.) superficial peritoneal lesions ii.) deep infiltrating lesion and iii.) cyst. Traditional treatments involve are NSAIDS, Oral contraceptives, Aromatase inhibitors, and GnRH agonists. Elagolix emerges out to be the latest potent drug that acts by inhibiting the GnRH receptor. Unlike other allopathy medicine, it is not an asymptomatic pain reliever but acts on the root cause of the disease. FDA has approved it for specific treatment of endometriosis in July 2018. It is believed that endometriosis occurs by an increase in the production of estrogen. Elagolix competitively binds to the GnRH receptors and prevents the binding of the Gonadotropin hormone flowing through blood capillaries from the Hypothalamus to the pituitary gland and thereby stops the formation of Oestrogen in the reproductive system which ultimately ceases in the proliferation of endometrial layers and tissue spread. In estrogen biosynthesis, the aromatase P450 enzyme plays a vital role. Elagolix belongs to BCS class III and available in the oral dosage form of 150, 200mg. It is rapidly absorbed and Cmax reaches within 1hour. The plasma protein binding is 80%. In this review, various aspects related to Elagolix sodium have been summarised, which include pathophysiology, Mode of Action, Structure-activity relationship, Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical studies with minimal side effects.

Wormholes and Fermionic superradiance

In this article, I propose that since Hawking radiation may be a type of superradiation, the action of superradiation with a preset boundary satisfies some higher dimensional action structure, for example, the superradiance of a boson on a preset boundary for a Kerr black hole satisfies the algebraic structure of a boson on a Kerr-Schild black hole. I think the superradiance of a bounded fermion to a Kerr-structured black hole satisfies the mapping structure of the wormhole.

"STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE ACTION" STRUCTURE OF CIRCUMSTANCES IN PASHTO

Статья посвящена структурному анализу обстоятельстваобраза действия в языке пашто, а также исследованию типов обстоятельствобраза действия, выраженные наречиями такими как: простые, сложные,суффиксальные и префиксальные в последних предыдущих типах отмечаетсякаким способом образуются данные обстоятельства образа действия.По функциональным особенностям наречий стоит отметить, что наречиевсегда выполняет функцию обстоятельства в предложении. Например,обстоятельства времени, места, степени, или образа действия.В адвербиализационной характеристике наречий языка пашто, можноотметить, что в данном пункте рассматривается процесс перехода наречий вдругие части речи.В языке пашто обстоятельство делится на простые, сложные,суффиксальные и префиксальные группы.

SGLT2 inhibitors, an accomplished development in field of medicinal chemistry: an extensive review

Diabetes is a chronic progressive metabolic disease caused by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. In spite of the availability of several antihyperglycaemics, there is a need for the development of safer antidiabetic drugs due to their undesirable effects. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are a class of antidiabetics, which hinder the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, causing excretion of glucose via urine. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are a well-tolerated class with no significant adverse effects and are found to be favorable in certain conditions, which may be rudimentary to cardiovascular and renal diseases. The current advancements in their design and development, their mechanism of action, structure–activity relationship, synthesis and in silico development along with their auxiliary roles have been extensively reviewed.

Ethnic-Racial Identity in Action: Structure and Content of Friends’ Conversations about Ethnicity and Race

Among emerging adults, peers are central to ethnic-racial identity (ERI) exploration, acting as primary interlocuters in discussions about ethnicity and race. Although ERI development is understood as adaptive, particularly for young people of color, ethnicity and race related conversations are often highly charged, and can consist of both positive, self-affirming exchanges, as well as negative experiences of identity denial, disinterest, and discrimination. The valence of such conversations, and their role in ERI development, may relate both to what is being said and how the conversation is structured. The current study examines in vivo, unguided conversations between 36 friend pairs coded for mention of ethnicity and race (N = 64 individuals; 56% women, 75% born in the U.S., M age = 20.54, SD = 2.73; ethnic composition: n = 11 ethnic-racial minority (EM)-EM , n = 14 EM-White, n = 9 White-White). Based on a two-step qualitative analysis, we found wide variation in conversation content and structure. Despite no differences in the length of ethnicity and race related discussion, the types of stories told were shaped starkly by ethnic-racial inequality, discrimination, and the largely segregated experiences of White students. We discuss our findings in light of the little investigated link between ERI exploration and maladaptive psychosocial outcomes.

Ethnic-Racial Identity in Action: Structure and Content of Friends’ Conversations about Ethnicity and Race

Among emerging adults, peers are central to ethnic-racial identity (ERI) exploration, acting as primary interlocuters in discussions about ethnicity and race. Although ERI development is understood as adaptive, particularly for young people of color, ethnicity and race related conversations are often highly charged, and can consist of both positive, self-affirming exchanges, as well as negative experiences of identity denial, disinterest, and discrimination. The valence of such conversations, and their role in ERI development, may relate both to what is being said and how the conversation is structured. The current study examines in vivo, unguided conversations between 36 friend pairs coded for mention of ethnicity and race (N = 64 individuals; 56% women, 75% born in the U.S., M age = 20.54, SD = 2.73; ethnic composition: n = 11 ethnic-racial minority (EM)-EM , n = 14 EM-White, n = 9 White-White). Based on a two-step qualitative analysis, we found wide variation in conversation content and structure. Despite no differences in the length of ethnicity and race related discussion, the types of stories told were shaped starkly by ethnic-racial inequality, discrimination, and the largely segregated experiences of White students. We discuss our findings in light of the little investigated link between ERI exploration and maladaptive psychosocial outcomes.

The Action Structure of Recruitment Calls and Its Analytic Implications: The Case of Disfluencies

We describe interviewers’ actions in phone calls recruiting sample members. We illustrate (1) analytic challenges of studying how interviewers affect participation and (2) actions that undergird the variables in our models. We examine the impact of the interviewer’s disfluencies on whether a sample member accepts or declines the request for an interview as a case study. Disfluencies are potentially important if they communicate the competence or humanity of the interviewer to the sample member in a way that affects the decision to participate. Using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we find that although as they begin, calls that become declinations are similar to those that become acceptances, they soon take different paths. Considering all recruitment actions together, we find that the ratio of disfluencies to words does not predict acceptance of the request for an interview, although the disfluency ratio before the turning point – request to participate or a declination – of the call does. However, after controlling for the number of actions, the disfluency ratio no longer predicts participation. Instead, when we examine actions before and after the first turning point separately, we find that the number of actions has a positive relationship with participation before and a negative relationship after.