Common Microcirculatory Framework for Monitoring Integrated Microcirculation

Wide variation in magnitudes, units, and ranges of the microcirculatory variables brings hindrance in describing and evaluating the integrated microcirculatory function of tissues. We designed to establish common microcirculatory framework that contains microhemodynamic and microcirculatory oxygen parameters. To integrate microcirculatory information, demo microcirculatory permutations were generated by a computer algorithm based on microcirculatory characteristics. Four dimensionless methods (Z-score, Min-max, L2, and median scaling) were applied to transform microcirculatory data set into the dimensionless form. Three-dimensional (3-D) common microcirculatory framework was constructed and visualized by using Python and Apache ECharts. The performance of the four dimensionless methods in the pre-processing of multiple microcirculatory variables and the establishment of the common microcirculatory framework were compared. Microhemodynamic and microcirculatory oxygen parameters were embedded in the common microcirculatory framework. After processing by Min-max normalization, the transformed multiple microcirculatory values remained positive with fixed range mapping within [0, 1] and maintained the identity property of microcirculation both of microhemodynamic and microcirculatory oxygen variables in the common microcirculatory framework. Conclusively, Min-max normalization displays preferable integration efficiency, compatibility, and adaptability in the establishment of the 3-D visualized multiparametric common microcirculatory framework.

Reimagined Pastoral Poetics: Narrative Structures and the Environment in Toni Morrison, Thoreau and Wordsworth

This chapter focuses on Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987), A Mercy (2008) and Home (2012). Central to these novels is the question of what constitutes a homely domestic and natural space, the relationship between environs and memory and the marginalisation of individual and communal voices. A Mercy, for example, challenges Thoreau’s claim that we ‘consider every spot as the possible site of a house’, as the unfinished colonial house is reclaimed by the forces of a nature indifferent to architectural design or fictional models of improvement and control. Drawing on Emerson’s urbanised pastoral modes, Morrison translates the darker features of Wordsworth’s rural poetics into her own version of the American pastoral to speak of those unassailable issues of identity, property and ownership.

The Emancipated Slaves Faced with the Jurisdiction of Algiers in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Through a corpus of notarial deeds issued by the maḥākim šarʿiyyah of Algiers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, we will tackle the relationship between emancipated slaves and legal authorities. In its daily life, the community of emancipated slaves resorted to the judicial body for many different reasons, first, for the issue of status. In order to become emancipated, the slave had to obtain a deed: a testament or a declaration that justifies his access to this new status. Second, for deeds of civil status, deeds of marriage and divorce, deeds recording property in case of acquisition or transmission, acknowledgements of debts and so forth. If for the majority of people resorting to the legal authorities for questions of civil status, identity, property and other issue is usual, it is different for the community of emancipated slaves as their relationship to the judicial body quite complex. We will use samples of the archives of the legal authorities of the period in order to dissect the daily life of this community, and analyze their complex and confused relationship to the judicial body by tackling the different facets that crystallize this relationship.