Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 13, No. 4

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 13, No. 4

The Effect of Major Life Events on Individual's Work Centrality: Social and Economic Aspects

This unique study compares the change in work centrality among individuals (n=407) both those who did experience and those who did not experience major life events, over the course of twelve years. The data was collected via the “Meaning of Work” questionnaire that included questions on work and life events. Special analysis of life events allows us to examine the causal nature of the relationship between life events and work centrality. The findings indicated that childbirth had an opposite effect on men's and women's work centrality. The work centrality of individuals who experienced divorce, a worsening of financial conditions and taking a considerable loan, did not change, while it increased among those who did not experience these events. There are several suggestions for the social and welfare and policymakers regarding life events, and the impact these policies may have on the magnitude of these events on work centrality.

Intersectional Representation Between Gender, Religion, and Nationality

Immigrants who came to Europe in recent decades (work immigrants and/or refugees) grapple with intersectional identities, such as religion, nationality and gender, yet current political research addresses these issues only in part. To address these omissions, I conducted a content analysis of all parliamentary questions Muslim representatives raised in their parliamentary activities in three Western countries. I also investigated whether the representatives' invisibility pertains only to their descriptive representation or whether it affects their substantive representation by analyzing five research hypotheses for differences in the content of the parliamentary questions. I found that male and female Muslim representatives ask parliamentary questions about Muslim men and women. In addition, I developed an Intersectional Representation Index to measure and demonstrate the complexities Muslim representatives face in Western countries. The index shows that such representatives have several identities, some of which have become invisible, as previous studies indicated.

From European Federalism to the European Union, Insights of Nobel Prize Laureate, Maurice Allais

From 1945 to the end of his life, Maurice Allais, Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics (1988), devoted a large part of his work to the European question. As a staunch Unionist, Allais insisted on the fact that, while the threefold freedom of goods, people and capital was necessary to improve the well-being of individuals, it was also a very ambitious goal. Thus, he argued, it was necessary to promote a European federalism on the basis of a scientific criterion: economic democracy—and via an organized method: competitive planning. However, Allais was aware that political integration had to precede economic integration and that economic efficiency could not be ensured without a single currency. He argued that the introduction of the euro had to be accompanied by real monetary reform (credit system, indexation of future commitments, stock markets, international monetary system) in order to regulate the multiplication of financial crises.

Visitors and Residents in El Raval Neighborhood of Barcelona. New Opportunities for Creative Tourism?

This article analyzes the relationship between creative tourism and intercultural interaction. The research took place in Barcelona, a city that has become, during the last three decades (1990-2020), a renowned international urban destination. El Raval, a central and multicultural neighbourhood, is the most serious example of a neighbourhood in the city that has experienced rapid tourism growth and pressure. Given the city’s wholesale adoption of the co-creation of place, some of the criteria of creative tourism experiences have been used to determine a baseline of engagement attitudes and behaviours of residents and visitors in El Raval neighbourhood. A special emphasis has been given to the role of social media, and how it might affect the relationship between residents and visitors from a creative tourism point of view. The authors created a specific survey which was distributed online to residents and visitors. The results of this study show different perceptions between residents and visitors. On one hand, residents are less willing to engage in the creative tourism enterprise than are visitors. On the other hand, residents underestimate the interest of visitors in connecting with them, while visitors overestimate the interest of residents in connecting with them, suggesting that communication is something that can be improved. Those results make evident the need to use and develop social media tools to connect residents and visitors, and promote cross-cultural interactions and creative tourism.

Analysis of Impact Factors of the Quality Accreditation on Design and Improvement Curriculum in the University

Studies here are the to determine effects of the quality accreditation to a training program on aim, teaching method, test and assessment methods and content, outcomes to students. Consider the fields and the professions, skills and attitudes that the curriculum must address to support graduate outcomes for students. Analyze the challenges for higher education leaders to appropriate industry requirements and the effects on faculty perceptions and capacity to design a transformative educational program for students. Comparing the difference between a curriculum only has concentrated on meeting requirements and follows quality accreditation standards with a curriculum focus to experiment for students. A case study for universities in Australia and Vietnam have been considered, compared and recommended.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2021.

Significance of Sindoor (Vermilion Powder) in Hindu Marriage Rituals

This paper aims to identify the significance of Sindoor or Vermilion powder (red in color) in Hindu cultural custom and in Hindu society. Sindoor is given to bride by groom on the occasion of marriage. Sindoor is given the gift by the groom to the bride in between the hair partings of married Hindu women have begun to start on the day of the marriage ceremony and the married woman. After then she considered as the wife of her husband and enters to the matrimonial life. Use of Sindoor in Hindu marriage practices signify socially culturally and even medically to order the gender disequilibrium society through the symbolic interpretation of cultural item and traditions, values, norms that are interwoven by religious bind with the member of Hindu orthodox society to sustain the patriarchal social structure. Sindoor also signify the hierarchy among the women world and the status changes when an unmarried wears a Sindoor in Hindu Society

Exploring the Determinants Attractiveness to Foreign Direct Investments: Do Public Governance, Infrastructure and Macroeconomic Policies Matter?

The aim of this paper is to determine the factors that attract Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) to Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) and Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries (SEMCs). To this end, this paper tested three variables representing public governance, physical infrastructure and macroeconomic quality, over a ten-year period stretching from 2008 to 2017. The results of the regressions estimated on CEE countries show that entrepreneurs are attracted to this region mainly for governance and infrastructure quality. Macroeconomic policy variables seem to attract less FDIs to these countries. Using aggregated  variables, the results of the regressions estimated on SEMCs show that the governance variable becomes statistically significant but retains a low value. The other variables of physical infrastructure and macroeconomic policies seem to be more robust and better explain FDI inflows to this region.

Iceland's Pirate Party (Píratar) – In Permanent Opposition?

This research examines the rapid growth in popularity of Iceland’s Pirate Party (Piratur) by analyzing recent election results and public opinion polling (2013-17) on the popularity and ideological placement of the Pirate Party. We find that most respondents viewed the Pirate Party as centrist, and the majority of the respondents were neutral in their view of the party, although negative assessments rose by 2017.