CONCEPT OF TEXT NECK SYNDROME AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH AYURVEDA

Text neck syndrome is an emerging disease of today’s world. The term ‘text neck’ is used to describe a re-petitive stress injury or an overuse syndrome due to forward head flexion and bent down looking at handheld devices like mobile phone, tablet or other wireless electronic devices for prolonged period of time. Our young generation is at high risk of developing this disease because they spend their most of the times by hunching over the mobile phones. It is manifested by neck pain, neck stiffness, reduced mobility of neck and headache. If it is left untreated then it may lead to flattening of the spinal curve, onset of early arthritis, spinal misalignment, disc compression, disc herniation, nerve damage and muscle damage etc. It can be correlated with Manyastambha due to similarity in their symptoms. Manyastambha is characterized by neck pain, neck stiffness and restricted movements of neck. One should follow proper preventive measures to avoid Text neck syndrome, as we know ‘Prevention is better than cure’. In this article Ayurve-dic management of this disease has been discussed in detail. It includes Nidana parivarjana, Abhyanga, Ruksha Swedana, Nasya Karma, Greeva basti and Shamana aushadhis etc. along with these some Yoga-asanas have also been mentioned that are beneficial to combat this disease.

Multi-Scale Mechanical Property Characterisation of Quasi-Brittle Filter Graphite

In this paper PG25 filter graphite is characterised using mechanical tests conducted over a range of specimen length-scales from the centimetre (three-point bending and Brazilian disc compression) to the micrometre (micro-scale cantilever bending in a FEI Helios dualbeam work station). However, high resolution 3D tomography has revealed that apart from the known millimetre range of pores, the matrix contains a large population of micro-scale porosity. This leads to two discrete distributions of pore sizes in this material, so that a reduction in mechanical test specimen size results in sampling different proportions of the milli-and micro-scale pores. As a consequence, the measured mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, tensile strength and flexural strength change as a function of specimen size. This paper explores the potential benefits, difficulties and value of small-scale mechanical tests for this particular application.

Influence of Contact Friction on the Experimental Determination of the Balanced Biaxial Strain-Ratio Using the Disc Compression Test

In the present work the disc compression test used to determine the balanced biaxial strain-ratio $r_b$ is analyzed in terms of the influence of contact friction using non-linear finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA results reveal an unexpectedly strong sensitivity of the $r_b$-value on contact friction, which is discussed in detail. The most important outcome of the present work is that the FEA can reproduce the $r_b$-value imposed by the utilized yield function very well, but only when the prescribed Coulomb friction coefficient has a very small value; for increasing friction coefficients a gradual deviation from the imposed $r_b$-value can be observed. This finding implies that in experiments contact friction must be eliminated to a larger extent than commonly expected, otherwise the determined $r_b$-value using disc compression testing will considerably deviate from the actual one, particularly when $r_b$ is far from one.