ROBUST AND SECURE S-BOX DESIGN WITH GATED HYBRID ENERGY RECOVERY LOGIC (GHERL) FOR IOT APPLICATIONS

The smart Internet of Things (IoT) network relies heavily on data transmission over wireless channels. Hence, it should be designed to be robust against the attacks from hackers and antagonists. The confidentiality in IoT devices is directly proportional to the complexity and power consumption. To mitigate these issues, this paper proposes a secure Substitution Box (S-Box) design that is exploited in the IoT for cyber security applications. The S-Box is based on Gated Hybrid Energy Recovery Logic (GHERL) that is an amalgamation of two different techniques as adiabatic logic and power gating. Adiabatic logic is preferred to attain high energy efficiency in practical applications such as portable and handheld devices. Power gating technique is preferred to reduce the leakage power and energy consumption. The proposed GHERL XOR gate and S-Box are implemented with 125nm technology in Tanner EDA tool. The consequences of the experiments exhibits that the novel S-Box design with GHERL XOR decreases the power consumption by 1.76%, 35.26%, 36.81%, 41.01% and reduces the leakage power by 58.54%, 20.27%, 27.38%, 13.63% when compared with the existing techniques such as S-Box with sleep transistor, dual sleep transistor, dual-stack and sleepy keeper approach. Keywords: Adiabatic logic, Power Gating, Internet of Things, S-Box

Forensic Camera Identification in Social Networks via Camera Fingerprint

Image-related crimes cause the urgent demand for tracing the origin of digital images. The breakthrough is a passive detection method via photo response non-uniformity (PRNU) analysis proposed by Lukáš et al. Recently, digital images are often shot with handheld devices (such as smartphones) and transmitted using social media (such as LINE). Most of the images are distorted (such as compressed and resized) during transmission. Previous studies are less focused on the impact of transmission compression through social networks. Thirty-one different Apple mobile phones were used to capture digital images in the experiment. Images were uploaded to the photo album via LINE software and then downloaded. The modified signed peak correlation energy (MSPCE) statistics is used to evaluate the correlation between the PRNU values of the disputed images and the pattern noise of the experimental devices. Experimental results show that the PRNU analysis method can effectively trace the source of the shot device using the distorted images which are compressed and resized during the transmission in LINE.

Secure and Flexible Key Protected Identity Framework for Mobile Devices

Mobile or IOT based applications are emerging rapidly across the globe and there is a massive digital transformation happening within each country. It is a need of an hour to improve and protect digital identity during online transactions through handheld devices. This paper proposes a Mobile ID solution based on Mobile-originated PKI without the need for the actual identity card or a card reader. The solution proposed focuses on security, privacy, and usability using open standards which will protect Personally Identifiable Information (PII) over handheld devices. The proposed mobile ID solution has better cost-efficacy and privacy than today’s scenario. It also explicates the Mobile ID solution with established secure identity among users, authorities, other organizations of public, and private sectors.

Fundus Examination in Pediatric Patients

There are a number of different pieces of equipment and techniques available for examination of the fundus of a pediatric patient. Two of these tools are handheld devices, the direct ophthalmoscope and PanOpticTM ophthalmoscope. Both of these devices allow for examination of the posterior pole of the eye. This chapter will discuss the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of both of these pieces of equipment in addition to how to use the equipment to examine the posterior segment of a pediatric patient.

Handheld Spectral Sensing Devices Should Not Mislead Consumers as Far as Non-Authentic Food Is Concerned: A Case Study with Adulteration of Milk Powder

With the rising trend of consumers being offered by start-up companies portable devices and applications for checking quality of purchased products, it appears of paramount importance to assess the reliability of miniaturized sensors embedded in such devices. Here, eight sensors were assessed for food fraud applications in skimmed milk powder. The performance was evaluated with dry- and wet-blended powders mimicking adulterated materials by addition of either ammonium sulfate, semicarbazide, or cornstarch in the range 0.5–10% of profit. The quality of the spectra was assessed for an adequate identification of the outliers prior to a deep assessment of performance for both non-targeted (soft independent modelling of class analogy, SIMCA) and targeted analyses (partial least square regression with orthogonal signal correction, OPLS). Here, we show that the sensors have generally difficulties in detecting adulterants at ca. 5% supplementation, and often fail in achieving adequate specificity and detection capability. This is a concern as they may mislead future users, particularly consumers, if they are intended to be developed for handheld devices available publicly in smartphone-based applications.

Movement tracking of cognitive processes: A tutorial using mousetrap

Movement tracking is a novel process tracing method promising unique access to the temporal dynamics of cognitive processes. The method involves high-resolution tracking of the hand or handheld devices, e.g., a computer mouse, while they are used to make a choice. In contrast to other process tracing methods, which mostly focus on information acquisition, movement tracking focuses on the processes of information integration and preference formation. In this article, we present a tutorial to movement tracking of cognitive processes with the mousetrap R package. We will address all steps of the research process from design to interpretation, with a particular focus on data processing and analysis. Using a representative working example, we will demonstrate how the various steps of movement tracking analysis can be implemented with mousetrap and provide thorough explanations on their theoretical background and interpretation. Finally, we present a list of recommendations to assist researchers in addressing their own research question using movement tracking of cognitive processes.

Patterns of parent screen use, child screen time, and child socioemotional problems at 5 years

Background: Digital media screens have become an essential part of our family life. While most studies focus on children’s screen use, we know less about parental screen use patterns and how these affect children’s socio-emotional development.Method: 867 Canadian parents of 5-year old children from the TARGet Kids! Cohort (73.1% mothers, mean age=38.88±4.45 years) participated from 2014 to 2020. Parents reported parental and child time on TV and handheld devices and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify groups of parents with similar patterns of screen use and link these profiles with child screen time and SDQ.Results: We identified six latent profiles of parent screen use: low users (P1, reference; n=323), more TV than handheld (P2; n=261), equal TV and handheld (P3; n=177), more handheld than TV (P4; n=57), high TV and handheld (P5; n=38) and extremely high TV and handheld (P6; n=11). P6 were more likely to be living in single parent households compared to P1 (estimate=-1.49(0.70), p=0.03). P2 (estimate=-0.67(0.32), p=0.04) and P4 (estimate=-1.42(0.40), p<0.001) were more likely to have lower household income compared to P1. P4 (χ2=12.32, p<0.001) and P5 (χ2=9.54, p=0.002) have higher total child screen time compared to P1. P6 (χ2=6.82, p=0.009) had higher total SDQ compared to P1.Discussion: Patterns of parent screen use were associated with child screen use and child socioemotional problems. The link between parental screen use profiles and child behaviours suggests a need for guidelines on parental screen time.

Flexible Vibrotactile Actuator Based on Dielectric Elastomer for Smart Handheld Devices

This paper presents an electroactive and soft vibrotactile actuator based on a dielectric elastomer. The vibrotactile actuator is composed of an upper layer, an adhesive tape layer, a dielectric layer with bumps, and a lower layer. When a voltage is applied to the actuator, an electrostatic force created between the upper and lower layers pulls the upper layer down, compressing the dielectric layer. As soon as the applied voltage is released, the upper layer is quickly restored to its initial state by the elastic force of the compressed dielectric elastomer. Because two forces contribute to the actuation at the same time, the created vibration is sufficiently strong to stimulate human mechanoreceptors. When the applied voltage is removed, the upper layer and dielectric elastomer return to their initial shapes. We conducted experiments to determine the best weight ratio of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Ecoflex, and to quantitatively investigate the haptic performance of the proposed vibrotactile actuator. The experiments clearly show that the plasticized vibrotactile actuator can create a variety of haptic sensations over a wide frequency range.