NON-MILITARY FORMS OF ENDANGERING SECURITY OF MODERN COUNTRY

Modern challenges and threats to security, according to the criteria of space and resources used for the purpose of their realization, are in principle external and internal, armed and unarmed. Due to intense migration, technological revolution in communications, greater freedom and speed of movement, porosity of boundaries and free transfer of various technologies, security threats today are not only a free sum of acts of endangering. Though they have the same name and the same goal, modern threats, today, carry completely new energy and quality of endangerment. This is best seen on the case of terrorism. Contemporary terrorism and "liberal" terrorism in the seventies have a common name and goal, while their range, destructiveness, brutality, the number of victims and the effects that they produce differ greatly.The paper presents a review of safety, taking into account the different views from which this term is observed. At the same time, relations between the object - values and threats are considered. Possible reference security objects are defined, an approximation is made on two objects, country and individual, and using the state of Critical School of Security, the focus is placed on sources of threats, and forms of security threats. Terrorism has been dealt with thematically and its relationship with other non-military forms of threats to security has been explained.

A Cancellation-Free Symbolic Sensitivity Technique Based on Network Determinant Expansion

The generalization of Bode’s sensitivity analysis technique for all types of the transfer functions and circuit elements is presented in the paper. The proposed formulae for first- and second-order symbolic sensitivity calculation provide the compact size of obtained expression and have the advantages of cancellation-free sum-of-product terms and matrix-free computation. This is achieved by means of the concept of high order summative cofactors and the generalized parameter extraction method. The proposed technique is implemented in symbolic circuit analysis program Cirsym. Illustrative example on symbolic sensitivity circuit analysis and comparison of the presented technique with the transimpedance method and the method based on the modified Coates flow-graph are given.

NEWTON POLYGONS FOR CHARACTER SUMS AND POINCARÉ SERIES

In this paper, we precise the asymptotic behavior of Newton polygons of L-functions associated to character sums, coming from certain n variable Laurent polynomials. In order to do this, we use the free sum on convex polytopes. This operation allows the determination of the limit of generic Newton polygons for the sum Δ = Δ1⊕Δ2 when we know the limit of generic Newton polygons for each factor. To our knowledge, these are the first results concerning the asymptotic behavior of Newton polygons for multivariable polynomials when the generic Newton polygon differs from the combinatorial (Hodge) polygon associated to the polyhedron.

An Ehrhart Series Formula For Reflexive Polytopes

It is well known that for $P$ and $Q$ lattice polytopes, the Ehrhart polynomial of $P\times Q$ satisfies $L_{P\times Q}(t)=L_P(t)L_Q(t)$. We show that there is a similar multiplicative relationship between the Ehrhart series for $P$, for $Q$, and for the free sum $P\oplus Q$ that holds when $P$ is reflexive and $Q$ contains $0$ in its interior.

An Existence Theorem for Generalized Direct Products with Amalgamated Subgroups

Generalized direct products with amalgamated subgroups were introduced by B. H. Neumann and Hanna Neumann in their joint paper (4). In general, we call a given collection of groups with specified subgroups amalgamated an amalgam of groups; if all groups are abelian we speak of an abelian amalgam. The group freely generated by the amalgam is called the abelian free sum of the amalgam provided it contains the amalgam isomorphically. The free abelian sum need not exist. Hence one of the problems is to find necessary and sufficient conditions for its existence.