STUDY OF THE RHEOLOGY OF WATER-OIL EMULSIONS AT NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES

В той или иной степени, все предприятия, осуществляющие добычу, транспорт и хранение нефти в емкостях, сталкиваются с необходимостью утилизации устойчивых эмульсий промежуточного слоя. С учетом климатических условий северных регионов имеются особенности в процессах образования, разделения, переработки стойких водонефтяных эмульсий. Исследование вязкостно-температурных свойств и температуры застывания позволит разработать эффективные технологические решения по их хранению и внутрипромысловой перекачке. В работе представлены результаты измерения вязкости эмульсий нефтей Ванкорского, Тагульского, Куюмбинского месторождений, различающихся по химическому составу и исходной вязкости, и соответствующих пластовых вод с содержанием от 10 до 50 % об., при температурах от плюс 20 оС до температуры застывания, а также после выдержки в течение 7 суток при отрицательных температурах. All companies producing, storing, or transporting oil, to one degree or another, face the negative consequences of the formation of stable oil-water emulsions. Due to the climatic conditions of the northern regions, there are peculiarities in the processes of formation, separation, processing of persistent oil-water emulsions. The study of the viscosity and pour point of emulsions will make it possible to develop effective technological solutions for the storage and pumping of such emulsions in the field. The article presents the results of measuring the viscosity of emulsions of oils from Vankorskoye, Tagulskoye, Kuyumbinskoye fields, differing in chemical composition and initial viscosity, and corresponding formation waters with a content of 10 to 50 vol.%. at a temperature from plus 20 ° C to the solidification point, as well as after thermostating for 7 days at negative temperatures.

Near infrared spectroscopy as an alternative method for rapid determination of the solidification point of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in production

The solidification point is a key quality parameter for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The traditional solidification point measurement method of TNT is complicated, dangerous, not environmentally friendly and time-consuming. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) analysis technology has been applied successfully in the chemical, petroleum, food, and agriculture sectors owing to its characteristics of fast analysis, no damage to the sample and online application. The purpose of this study was to study near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods to develop a fast and accurate quantitative analysis method for the solidification point of TNT. The model constructed using PLS regression was successful in predicting the solidification point of TNT ([Formula: see text] = 0.999, RMSECV = 0.19, RPDCa = 33.5, [Formula: see text] = 0.19, [Formula: see text] = 0.999). Principal component analysis shows that the model could identify samples from different reactors. The results clearly demonstrate that the solidification point can be measured in a short time by NIR spectroscopy without any pretreatment for the sample and skilled laboratory personnel.