Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue: Analysis of Clinico Pathological Features

Aims: Squamous cell carcinoma of tongue (SCCOT) is the most common malignant neoplasm of oral cavity. It is a major health concern and causes significant morbidity and mortality. There is high prevalence of exposure to risk factors of SCCOT in our region, therefore the present study is designed to provide an insight of clinicopathological parameters of SCCOT that will help in identifying any specific trends. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of histopathology, Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, from January 2020 to November 2020. Methodology: 27 biopsy specimens of SSSOT were taken. Clinocopathological parameters of SCCOT were evaluated. Data was subjected to appropriate statistics using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of the 27patients, 15(55.6%) were men and 12(44.4%) were women. The overall mean age at presentation was (46.77+/-14.05) years. Lateral borders of tongue were involved in 16(59.3%) of patients. Of the total, 22 (81.5%) patients had moderately differentiated carcinoma. T3 size of tumor was present in 12 (44.4%) of patients. Cervical lymph node metastasis was found in 15 (55.5%) of patients. At presentation, 20(74%) had advanced Stage (III-IV) disease. Conclusion: It is an alarming situation that most patients presented with advance stages of SCCOT. Emphasis should be given on early diagnosis of SCCOT. There is also need on increasing oral cancer awareness among the public to reduce the burden of this disease.

Neoneurogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma of tongue: a promoter to its progression and metastasis

Background : To explore whether neoneurogenesis is a predisposing factor to the development and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue (TSCC) . Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with TSCC were included. The objectives were divided into 4 groups according to WHO T-stage standard (five cases in each group) and 2 groups based on lymph node metastasis or not. Detection of neoneurogenesis in paraffin sections from primary tongue cancer tissues was stained by Neurofilament-Light chain antibody (NF-L) using immunohistochemistry method (IHC). The number of new growth nerve fiber bundles was calculated in each randomized view from 3 non-overlapping microscope fields of each tumor section under a light microscope at X 200. Differences in the density of nerve fiber bundles among the T-stage groups and lymph node metastasis groups were calculated using Chi-square test. An ɑ level of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The age of patients varied from 33 to 74 years with a mean age of 56.10±11.18 years. Males were affected predominantly with a ratio of 1.5:1 to females. IHC staining of NF-L was positive in all 20 paraffin sections of TSCC which suggested that newly growth nerves (namely neoneurogenesis) were observed in tumor mciroenvironment. The intensity of newly formed nerve bundles increased with T stage, and the difference was statistically significant between early stage (T1、T2) and late stage (T3、T4) (p=0.000). Increased prevalence of newly growth nerve bundles correlated significantly to the cervical lymph node metastasis (p=0.000). Conclusions: Neoneurogenesis in tumor microenviroment of TSCC is a predisposing factor to its aggressive development and cervical lymph node metastasis. From a therapeutic perspective, further studies on the topic may provide a new clinical opportunity through anti-neurogenesis.

Neoneurogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma of tongue: a promoter to its progression and metastasis

Background : To explore whether neoneurogenesis is a predisposing factor to the development and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue (TSCC) . Methods: 20 patients diagnosed with TSCC were included and the objectives were divided into 4 groups according to WHO T-stage standard (5 cases in each group) and 2 groups based on lymph node metastasis or not. Formalin-fixed specimens were gained from patients. Detection of neoneurogenesis was stained by Neurofilament-Light chain antibody (NF-L) using immunohistochemistry method (IHC) in biopsy from human body. The number of new growth nerve fiber bundles was calculated in each randomized view from 3 non-overlapping microscope fields of each tumor section under a light microscope at X 200. Differences in density of nerve fibers bundles among the T-staging groups and lymph node metastasis groups were calculated using Chi-square test. An ɑ level of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The age of patients varied from 33 to 74 years with a mean age of 56.10±11.18 years. Males were affected predominantly with a ratio of 1.5:1 to females. IHC staining of NF-L is positive in all 20 paraffins of TSCC sections which suggests that newly growth nerves ( namely neoneurogenesis ) are observed in tumor mciroenvironment. The intensity of newly formed nerve fiber bundles increased with T stage, and the difference was statistically significant between early stage (T1、T2) and late stage (T3、T4) (p=0.000). Increased prevalence of newly growth nerve bundles correlated significantly to the cervical lymph node metastasis (p=0.000). Conclusions: Neoneurogenesis in tumor microenviroment of TSCC is a predisposing factor to its aggressive development and cervical lymph node metastasis. From a therapeutic perspective, further studies on the topic may provide new clinical opportunity through anti-neurogenesis.