The Effects of Ethyl Lauroyl Arginine Hydrochloride (ELAH) in Nasal Spray Formula on SAR-Cov-2

SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses, enveloped RNA viruses, are major causes of acute human respiratory diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the broad-spectrum antiviral effects of ethyl lauroyl arginine hydrochloride (ELAH) in in vitro and in vivo assays. Cell-based assays found that the pseudovirus VSV-SARS-CoV-2 was inhibited with an EC50 of 15 micrograms/ml, with complete inhibition achieved at 110 micrograms/ml. The effects were comparable to those observed with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization assays against VSV-SARS-CoV-2. Intranasal administration of the Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 treated in vitro with ELAH inhibited the disease symptoms caused by the virus in a Syrian hamster model compared to that caused by the same dose of virus treated in vitro with medium alone. Subgenomic RNA and total RNA viral load were concomitantly reduced in the treated animals compared with the control group. In cell-based studies, pretreatment of susceptible cells with 1-10 micrograms/ml ELAH inhibited the attachment of the virus to the cells, as measured by cytopathic and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) effects, suggesting that the primary mode of ELAH action was due to preventing the attachment of the virus to the cells. Collectively, the data suggest that ELAH could be a promising agent for the prevention of SARS infection through nasopharyngeal surfaces.

The effects of ethyl lauroyl arginine hydrochloride (ELAH) in nasal spray formula on SARS-Cov-2

SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses, enveloped RNA viruses, are major causes of acute human respiratory diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the broad-spectrum antiviral effects of ethyl lauroyl arginine hydrochloride (ELAH) in in vitro and in vivo assays. Cell-based assays found that the pseudovirus VSV-SARS-CoV-2 was inhibited with an EC50 of 15 micrograms/ml, with complete inhibition achieved at 110 micrograms/ml. The effects were comparable to those observed with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization assays against VSV-SARS-CoV-2. Intranasal administration of the Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 treated in vitro with ELAH inhibited the disease symptoms caused by the virus in a Syrian hamster model compared to that caused by the same dose of virus treated in vitro with medium alone. Subgenomic RNA and total RNA viral load were concomitantly reduced in the treated animals compared with the control group. In cell-based studies, pretreatment of susceptible cells with 1–10 micrograms/ml ELAH inhibited the attachment of the virus to the cells, as measured by cytopathic and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) effects, suggesting that the primary mode of ELAH action was due to preventing the attachment of the virus to the cells. Collectively, the data suggest that ELAH could be a promising agent for the prevention of SARS infection through nasopharyngeal surfaces.

L-Arginine reduces downstream vascular contractility after flow-diverting device deployment: A preliminary study in a rabbit model

Background Flow diverters (FDs) are an effective treatment for intracranial aneurysms, though not free from hemorrhagic complications. A previous study demonstrated increased vascular contractility after FD-implantation as a potential mechanism of distal complications. Our study aimed to investigate whether L-arginine medication affects vascular contractility following FD deployment in a rabbit model. Methods FDs were implanted in the aorta of normal rabbits (+FD, n = 10), with sham-operated aorta as controls (n = 5). L-Arginine was given in the drinking water (2.25% L-arginine hydrochloride) of half of the +FD animals (+FD/+Arg). Force contraction vascular contractility studies were performed on the aortic rings proximal and distal to the FD using an organ bath. Total eNOS, eNOS(pS1177), eNOS(pT495), COX-2, and S100A4 were quantified by western analysis on total protein lysates from aortic segments, normalizing to GAPDH. Results Mean vascular contractility was 53% higher in distal relative to proximal aortic segments (P = 0.0038) in +FD animals, but were not significantly different in +FD/+Arg animals, or in sham-operated controls. The +FD animals expressed significantly reduced levels of eNOS(pS1177) than sham-operated controls (P = 0.0335), while both the +FD and +FD/+Arg groups had reduced levels of eNOS(pT495) relative to sham-operated controls (P = 0.0331 and P = 0.0311, respectively). Conclusion These results suggest that L-arginine medication reduces distal vascular contractility after FD treatment via nitric oxide production and thus might mitigate risk for downstream complications.

Using pentoxifylline, arginine hydrochloride, levocarnitine and rheosorbilact solutions for correction of fetoplacental dysfunction in pregnant women with preeclampsia

Annotation. As of today, there is no effective method for treating the fetoplacental dysfunction (FPD) in pregnant women with preeclampsia. The aim of research was the study of the method proposed by the authors for restoring the functional activity of the fetoplacental complex in pregnant women with FPD on the background of treatment of preeclampsia. А randomized controlled study of the effect proposed treatment (intravenous solution of pentoxifylline; solution containing arginine hydrochloride and levocarnitine; rheosorbilact) of 37 pregnant women at 35-40 weeks of gestation with FPD on the background of moderate preeclampsia, was performed. Such ultrasound doppler measurements have been studied: systolic-diastolic ratio, resistance index, pulsation index in the umbilical arteries, right and left uterine arteries, fetal middle cerebral artery, fetal internal carotid artery and fetal aorta before and after the performed treatment. Statistics were processed using LibreOffice Calc (Mozilla Public License v 2.0), adapted for medical and biological research. We used nonparametric Wilcoxon criteria, Mann-Whitney criteria at a significance level of p <0.05. After the performed treatment, stabilization of the fetoplacental blood circulation in women of the main group was observed, which manifested by decrease in S/D in umbilical artery in 1.3 times, in the left uterine artery in 1.4 times and in the fetal aorta in 1,1 times, and decrease in RI indices in the umbilical artery in 1.1 times, in the right uterine artery in 1.3 times, and increase in the middle cerebral artery in 1.4 times. So, in the course of the proposed treatment, the restoration of the blood flow velocity and the stabilization of vascular resistance in uterine arteries and the umbilical artery were observed in the women of the main group. The research of the possibility of using the above methodology in earlier gestational age and in the risk group for the prevention of preeclampsia is prospective and requires further attention.

THE PROBLEM OF POSTOPERATIVE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH OBESITY IN EMERGENCY SURGERY

The occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a negative consequence of vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with grade I-II obesity with appropriate metabolic shifts and comorbid background, which increases the duration of treatment and worsens the prognosis in patients with acute surgical pathology. It is important to add endothelioprotectors to the intensive care unit. L-arginine hydrochloride has been shown to be pathogenetically justified as a prophylaxis for an increase in the level of antigens to von Willebrand factor in the blood of obese patients with acute surgical pathology. Administration of this substance before and during surgery is likely to improve mental performance in the postoperative period in patients with elevated body mass index, who underwent emergency cholecystectomy.

Catalysis of Hydrazone and Oxime Peptide Ligation by Arginine

Hydrazone and oxime peptide ligations are catalyzed by arginine. The catalysis is assisted intramolecularly by the side-chain guanidinium group. Hydrazone ligation in the presence of arginine proceeds efficiently in phosphate buffer at neutral pH but is particularly powerful in bicarbonate/CO₂ buffer. In addition to acting as a catalyst, arginine prevents the aggregation of proteins during ligation. With its dual properties as nucleophilic catalyst and protein aggregation inhibitor, arginine hydrochloride is a useful addition to the hydrazone/oxime ligation toolbox.<br>